Types of Rocks & the Rock Cycle
how many mineral groups are there ?
8 Mineral groups
what is a volcanoes ?
a volcanoes is a opening in Earth crust through which magma ,gases,and ash escape to the surface
what a geosphere ?
The geosphere is the solid part of Earth, including rocks, minerals, landforms, and the processes that shape them
what are tectonics plate
Tectonic plates are large slabs of the lithosphere that fit together like a cracked eggshell covering Earth
when a richer scale goes up by one how much times stronger is it
10 times stronger
how is metamorphic rock form ?
Forms when existing rock is
changed by HEAT and/or
PRESSURE (but NOT
melted)
what is a Lahar
A volcanic mudflow — a mixture of volcanic ash, water, and debris that flows down river valleys. Can travel far from the volcano and bury entire towns.
How Do Scientists Know What's Inside the Earth?
No drill has ever reached Earth's core because it is too deep and too hot
what a divergent plate
Rift valleys, mid-ocean ridges, new crust through seafloor spreading
what a normal fault
Crust is pulled APART. One block of rock slides DOWN relative to the other
what is it when
Magma cools SLOWLY underground . the slow cooling gives minerals time to form large crystals
Intrusive Igneous
What is the Ring of Fire?
The Ring of Fire is a zone of intense volcanic and earthquake activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean
what is the outer core made of and how thick it is
Outer core: liquid iron & nickel (~2,300 km thick).
The same ancient animal fossils are found on continents now separated by thousands of miles of ocean are ?
matching fossil
what is a rift ?
A dropped zone where two plates pull apart; ground sinks and magma rises to fill the gap
which group has an Example of sulfur and oxygen — e.g., gypsum)
sulfates group
what a lava dome
Thick, sticky lava piles up in a rounded mound right near the vent. Grows slowly.
what a asthenosphere
A hot, semi-liquid zone in the upper mantle. It is directly below the lithosphere
what do transform plate make?
Earthquakes along faults (no new crust made or destroyed)
when magma comes out the volcano it called?
lava
how do the weathering change the Rock Cycle
The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by wind, water, ice, and other forces
Broad, gently sloping dome built from fluid lava that flows easily over large distances is a
shield volcanoes
what is 35 km thick and (20-40)miles
Continental Crust
what is a pangaea ?
About 225 million years ago, all continents were joined in ONE supercontinent called Pangaea (Greek for 'all lands')
An underwater mountain range formed by magma rising at a divergent boundary on the ocean floor is a ?
Mid-Ocean Ridge