Examples 1
Surveys (E)
An example would be giving a group of people a personality test since surveys are used to describe opinions, attitudes, and preferences.
Experimental studies (E)
An example would be if there was 10 test subjects and 5 were randomly selected to receive a medicine because experimental studies are primarily on random selection.
Sample (D)
A group of individuals selected to participate in a study.
Population (D)
Individuals that all share a particular characteristic and can be part of a larger group from which samples are then drawn.
Dependent Variable (E)
A experiment where researchers want to explore between the amount of sleep and academic performance. The dependent variable is your test score because it changes based on the independent variable.
Correlation (D)
Correlations describe the relationship (relation/association) between two variables.
Simple random sample (D)
Also known as SRS. Randomly selected samples from a population.
Confounding variable (E)
Hot temperature would be the confounding variable if you are testing the rate of ice cream consumption and number of sunburns because it is an unmeasured variable that could cause the independent or dependent variable.
Quasi-experimental design studies (E)
An example would be certain groups of people being selected together to take a medicine because the researchers know that they will have a good outcome based on prior research. Quasi-experiments are not randomly selected.
Independent Variable (D)
The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.
Stratified random sample (E)
An example would be using students that all attend UMN and separating them by what college they are in and then taking an SRS from each group.
Causation (D)
Shows how two or more factors affecting each other.
Covariation(relationship between IV & DV), Time order relation (Cause comes before effect) Eliminating alternative explanations(no other way to explain the relationship)
Key features of Pseudoscience(connect/compare) (E)
In other words “fake science” or a situation where there is not a controlled environment, or any experiments. You can compare this to someone saying eating vegetables can give you the flu. That is not an accurate science claim.
Key Features of Science, 3 key features. (D)
- Systematic empiricism: Carefully planned and executed ‘observations’.
- Empirical questions: Reeling on the experiment and observations.
- Public knowledge: Findings of experiment are generalized to the public.