Experiments
What is one key difference between Science and Pseudoscience?
Science:
Willingness to change with new evidence, Ruthless peer review, Takes account of all new discoveries, Invites criticism, Verifiable results, Limits claims of usefulness, and Accurate measurement
Pseudoscience:
-Fixed ideas, No peer review, Selects only favorable discoveries, Sees criticism as conspiracy, Non-repeatable results, Claims of widespread usefulness, and "Ball-park" measurements
In a study where researchers are comparing test scores of different groups of students in a high school in California, what is the population the authors are likely interested in?
All of the students at that California High School are the population of the study.
What is the term for the process of selecting a representative group from the population under study?
Sampling
What is one example of a Pro in an experiment and what is one Con in an experiment?
Pros: Allows precise results, it is more effective way of gathering data that a survey, and has high representativeness.
Cons: Not really made for controversial topics, can be time consuming, and has an inflexible design.
A laboratory is experimenting on local birds seeing what times of the year they would most likely migrate. What type of study is this?
Experimental Study
An individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, and they have the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process. What kind of sample is this?
Simple Random Sampling
What is the name for a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another?
Independent Variable
There are multiple Ice Cream trucks in your neighborhood with different sounding jingles. You can tell which truck it is by memorizing the different kinds of jingles. What kind of study is this?
Correlational/Observational Study
In a sample population, there are adults ranging from 18-59. They all get split up into 5 subgroups. 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59. Putting these adults into subgroups is an example of what sample?
Stratified Sampling
What is the name for a variable whose variation does depend on that of another?
Dependent Variable
What kind of study design includes the manipulation of an independent variable without the random assignments of participants to conditions?
The Quasi-experimental design study
What type of sample includes choosing a population of people out of a hat who all have the same chances of being chosen?
Simple Random Sampling
Name the third variable that influences both the Independent and the Dependent variable?
The Cofounding Variable
How might you differentiate between a correlational study and one that can determine causation?
In a correlational study, there is a relationship between two or more variables are correlating. Whereas causation determines whether one variable was the cause of another. Correlation doesn’t mean that one thing caused another thing.
What type of sample divides people into groups with similarities, and then randomly selects from those groups?
Stratified Sampling