Napoleon
How did Napoleon rise to power
France was weakened and unstable as a result of the French Revolution and Reign of Terror
Napoleon was a military genius and hero
Took over the French government by a coup d’etat
Became the first consul by plebiscite Named himself emperor in 1804
a social class in pre-Revolution France (1st – clergy; 2nd – rich nobles; 3rd – everyone else)
What is the estate?
He is from Venezuela
Who is Simón Bolívar
What were the causes and results of the revolutions in Latin America?
Causes: Napoleonic wars in Europe weakened Spain and Portugal
Results: Independent nations in Latin America
queen of France during the French Revolution
Who is Marie Antoinette
What was the role of geography in the defeat of Napoleon?
Britain was an island and had a stronger navy than Napoleon
Russia’s cold climate and winter and scorched earth policy (burned crops and livestock); Napoleon was left in the cold and without supplies or a means to get supplies or food
king of France during the French Revolution
Who is Louis XVI
He is from Argentina
Who is José de San Martín?
What were the causes and results of the revolution in Haiti?
Causes: slaves outnumber masters and rebel against owners
Results: Independent Haiti
period of mass execution led by Robespierre; “enemies of the revolution” were execute
What is Reign of Terror
What were the consequences of France’s defeat for Europe?
Congress of Vienna: the power of France goes down; the power of Britain and Prussia increases; conflicts between conservatives (want old way of absolute rulers) and liberals (want a new way of democracy)
pledge made by the National Assembly (third estate) to fight/stay until France had a new Constitution
What is the Tennis Court Oath
He is from Mexico
What is Miguel Hidalgo?
What were the causes and results of the American Revolution?
Causes: French and Indian war was expensive; England taxed the American colonists to pay for it (“taxation without representation”)
Results: American independence (U.S.A); Declaration of Independence; U.S. Constitution
members of the third estate
National Assembly
The sudden takeover of government, usually through the use of the military
What is Coup d’etat?
French armory and prison
What is The Bastille?
a former slave who led a revolution in Haiti and died in a dungeon.
Who is Toussaint L’Ouverture
What were the causes and results of the English Revolution?
Causes: competing power between monarch and Parliament; led to English Civil War and rise of Oliver Cromwell; James II was Catholic and England was afraid he would make England Catholic again
Results: constitutional monarchy
a social class in pre-Revolution France (1st – clergy; 2nd – rich nobles; 3rd – everyone else)
What is the Estate
voted by the people
What is Plebiscite?
statement of revolutionary ideas such as “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
What were the causes and results of the French Revolution?
Causes: Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette spent too much money; France joined American Revolution against England which cost a lot of money; Third Estate (97% of the population) had no power or very little power and had to pay most of the taxes in France
Results: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; Rise of the bourgeoisie (middle-class); Reign of Terror; Rise of Napoleon
How did new scientific discoveries change the European worldview?
Went against many traditional teachings of the church
Used observation and experimentation to better understand the world and universe
The meeting of the three estates called by Louis XVI; each estate only had one vote; the first and second estate (3% of the population) would always out-vote the third estate (97% of the population)
What is Estates-Genera