PHONEMES
What is Phoneme Categorization
Recognize the word in a set of three or four words that has the "odd" sound. Ex. bus, bun, rug. Rug does not belong. Rug does begin with /b/.
What is an Onset
Onsets are parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes. An onset is the initial consonant(s) sound of a syllable (the onset of bag is b-; of swim, sw-).
What is Phoneme Deletion
Children recognize the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from another word. Teacher: “What is smile without the /s/?” Children: “Smile without the /s/ is mile.”
What is Phoneme Blending
Children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word. Then they write and read the word. Teacher: “What word is /b/ /i/ /g/?” Children: “/b/ /i/ /g/ is big.” Teacher: “Now let’s write the sounds in big: /b/, write b; /i/, write i; /g/, write g.” Teacher: (Writes big on the board.) “Now we’re going to read the word big.”
What is Explicit Instruction
Clearly Expressed
What is Phoneme
is the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words. English has about 41 phonemes. A few words, such as a or oh, have only one phoneme. Most words, however, have more than one phoneme: The word if has two phonemes (/i/ /f/); check has three phonemes (/ch/ /e/ /k/), and stop has four phonemes (/s/ /t/ /o/ /p/). Sometimes one phoneme is represented by more than one letter.
What is a Rime
is part of a syllable that contains the
vowel and all that follows it.
rimes are parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes. A rime is the part of a syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it (the rime of bag is -ag; of swim, -im)
What is Phoneme Isolation
Children recognize individual sounds in a word. Teacher: “What is the first sound in van?” Children: “The first sound in van is /v/.”
What is Blending
When children combine individual phonemes to form words, they are blending the phonemes. They also are blending when they combine onsets and rimes to make syllables and combine syllables to make words.
What is Implicit Instruction
Not clearly expressed
What is Phonemic Awareness
The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds - Phonemes - in spoken words.
Ex. Hear more then 1 sounds in a word.
Ex. Word If - /I/ /F/
What is Phonics
is the understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes (the sounds of spoken language) and graphemes (the letters and spellings that represent those sounds in written language).
Phonics is visual.
What is Phoneme Substitution
Children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word. Teacher: “The word is bug. Change /g/ to /n/. What’s the new word?” Children: “Bun.”
What is Phoneme Addition
Children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word. Teacher: “What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park?” Children: “Spark.”
What is Structured Literacy
An explicit, systematic, and cumulative approach to teaching reading that focuses on foundational skills including phonology, sound-symbol association, syllable types, morphology, syntax, and semantics benefitting all students.
What is Syllable
A word part that contains a vowel, or, in spoken language, a vowel sound. A syllable is a word part that contains a vowel or, in spoken language, a vowel sound (e-vent; news-pa-per; ver-y).
What is Phonological Awareness
A broad term that includes phonemic awareness. In addition to phonemes, phonological awareness activities can involve work with rhymes, words, syllables, and onset and rimes. Ex. rhymes- the (pig) has a (wig) same ending. Syllables- clap part of name Are-ti-na
Phonological it's Auditory.
What is Phoneme Segmentation
break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound as they tap out or count it. Then they write and read the word. Teacher: “How many sounds are in grab?” Children: “/g/ /r/ /a/ /b/. Four sounds.” Teacher: “Now let’s write the sounds in grab: /g/, write g; /r/, write r; /a/, write a; /b/, write b.” Teacher: (Writes grab on the board.) “Now we’re going to read the word grab.”
What is Phoneme Manipulation
When children work with phonemes in words, they are manipulating the phonemes. Types of phoneme manipulation include blending phonemes to make words, segmenting words into phonemes, deleting phonemes from words, adding phonemes to words, or substituting one phoneme for another to make a new word.
What does POSSUM stand for
Phonology, Orthography, Syntax, Semantics, Understanding, Morphology
What is Phoneme Identity
Children recognize the same sounds in different words. Teacher: “What sound is the same in fix, fall, and fun?” Children: “The first sound, /f/, is the same.”
What is Fluency
Reading with accuracy, rate, and prosody
What is Segmenting Segmentation
When children break words into their individual phonemes, they are segmenting the words. They are also segmenting when they break words into syllables and syllables into onsets and rimes
What is Grapheme
A grapheme is the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word. A grapheme may be just one letter, such as b, d, f, p, s; or several letters, such as ch, sh, th, -ck, ea, -igh.
What is differentiation
The practice of tailoring instruction to meet the diverse learning needs of students by adjusting what is taught, how it’s taught, and how students show their learning, based on their readiness, interests, and learning profiles.