Community
Define Community
a group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and or social parameters.
What are the 3 core functions of public health?
1. Assessment
2. Policy Development
3. Assurance
What is primary prevention?
Health promotion and illness prevention
What is tertiary prevention?
Interventions aimed at a limiting disability and interventions that enhance rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability.
How do we measure validity?
sensitivity and specificity
What is the difference between community-oriented nursing and community based nursing?
community oriented focuses on public health of a community
community-based focuses on individuals and families
What is elizabethan poor law?
provided care for poor, blind and lame individuals
The goal of healthy people 2020 is to:
decrease expense of healthcare and improve length of client's lifespan
What is the purpose of surveillance in public health?
(Hint- 3 parts)
1. Identify trends and unusual disease patterns.
2. Set priorities for using scarce resources.
3. Develop and evaluate programs for commonly occurring and universally occurring diseases or events.
__________ quantifies how accurately the test identifies those w/ the condition or trait → a true positive; someone who tests positive and actually has the disease
sensitivity
What is the primary goal of community-oriented nursing and how is this accomplished?
health promotion and disease prevention through indirect program management or direct care of at risk populations
American health care system is divided into what two components:
Public & Private
True or False: screenings are tertiary prevention
False
A nurse is advocation for local leaders to place newly-approved community health clinical in an area of the city that has fewer resources than other areas, the nurse is advocating for the leads to uphold which ethical principle?
distributive justice
____________ indicates how accurately the test identifies those without the condition being tested → a true negative; people who test negative and truly are disease free.
Specificity
How can we utilize key informants in public health?
through direct discussion to obtain ideas and opinions about a community
What are 2 quick methods for data collection in public health?
informant interviews
community forum
What is a host?
living species that is infected by the agent
What is the natural hx of disease?
It's the natural evolution of any given pathological process, from start to end, without human intervention.
When do we NEED high-specificity when screening a patient?
when re-screening is impractical and when it is important to reduce false-positives
You are screening for BP in a community and the results are consistent and reliable, however the sphygmomanometer is off by 10 mm Hg, but you are unaware of this malfunction. This instrument is lacking __________
validity
Which of the following are chemical agents (SATA)
A. heavy metals
B. pesticides
C. parasites
D. heat
E. Radiation
Heavy Metals and Pesticides
What is the environment?
anything internal or external to host or agent
Give an example of a screening that ensures high specificity/sensitivity results
Pap smear screens for cervical cancer → cervical cancer is ruled out by comparing pap smear histology to a histological slide with malignant cells.
Additional answer--martha gets screened for aids
Physical and occupational therapy are examples of what level of prevention?
tertiary