Mental Health and Preschool Stuttering
Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance.
Name one quality-of-life measure used with preschoolers.
Seeing oneself through the eyes of others, often in a negative light.
What is the 'observer perspective' in this model?
Cognitive, behavioral, and physiological
What are the three main components of anxiety?
Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale or Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale.
Name a tool for measuring anxiety in school-age children.
UTBAS or Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale.
What’s one scale SLPs can ethically use?
No psychosocial health differences between stuttering and non-stuttering peers.
What did ELVS cohort studies find at age 4?
Behaviors to avoid feared outcomes, which maintain anxiety.
What are 'safety behaviors' and their effect?
State is temporary and situation-based; trait is a personality disposition.
What is the difference between State and Trait Anxiety?
Salivary cortisol levels and unusual eye gaze patterns.
What physiological evidence supports anxiety in stuttering?
Unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering.
What does UTBAS measure?
Negative peer responses or teasing.
What’s one peer-related factor contributing to anxiety later?
Increased heart rate, sweating, or stomach discomfort.
What is one somatic symptom before a feared speaking situation?
The belief or fear that negative outcomes are likely in social interactions.
What does 'expecting harm' mean in anxiety?
Increases risk of social withdrawal and persistent anxiety.
How does bullying impact long-term outcomes?
Only use with appropriate training and within scope of practice.
What’s the ethical obligation using CBT tools?
Because recovery within the first 18 months is only 6–8% and unpredictable.
Why is early intervention advised despite high recovery?
It reinforces distorted self-perception and anxiety.
What role does negative self-processing play?
It processes fear and threat detection, influencing anxiety responses.
What is the role of the amygdala in anxiety?
Beliefs about speaking influence willingness to communicate.
What is 'communication attitude' and its relevance.
Free access and does not require SLP certification.
What makes CBTpsych unique?
Not reliably; social experiences may play a greater role.
Do temperament traits predict anxiety in preschoolers?
It explains the maintenance of fear, avoidance, and negative evaluation in people who stutter.
How does this model apply to stuttering?
Social anxiety is situation-specific to social performance; GAD is more pervasive.
What distinguishes social anxiety from generalized anxiety?
Traits increase risk; states affect immediate performance.
How does state-trait anxiety affect adolescents who stutter?
Cognitive restructuring or attentional training.
Name a CBT technique usable by SLPs.