Conditionals
When our conditions are factual they use this mood in both the protasis and apodosis
indicative
The ancient Greek word held a variety of contradictory meaning, ranging from guest to stranger.
Xenos (xenia)
Vivāmus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus
hortatory
essemur
imperfect
passive
subjunctive
1st person plural
Tanta vīs probitātis est ut eam in hoste dīligāmus
Result clause
This condition is translated should...would
future less vivid
This roman structure can still be found all across Europe. It relied on different layers sourced from local environments.
ROADS
canēs dormientēs iaceant
Jussive
āverterint
perfect
active
subjunctive
3rd person plural
Abdūxērunt Cincinnātum, ut dictātor esset.
Purpose Clause
present contrafactual
If I was a talented but poor Roman artist looking to make it big, I might seek out one of these relationships.
patreon client relationship
Falsus utinam vātēs sim
optative
interficiāt
present
active
subjunctive
3rd person sing.
Rogat mē quid sentiam.
indirect question
This conditional uses a pluperfect subjunctive
past contrafactual
Horace violated social standards by openly writing about abandoning this.
The army / his shield
An ego nōn venīrem?
habitus sis
perfect
passive
subjunctive
2nd person singular
Imperavit ut veniremus
indirect command
While this conditional uses an indicative verb, the Romans held a fundamental belief that this could never be entirely certain.
Future more vivid
During the celebration of Lemuria, this member of the household would wake up in the middle of the night, walk around barefoot, and throw beans around the house.
The Paterfamilias
Pāce tibi dīxerim
potential
celaretis
imperfect
active
subjunctive
2nd person plural
Multa mendacia sunt, ut paene bellum cōnfectum vidērētur
result clause