Substances
Caffeine and Nicotine are both
What are stimulants?
The organ inside the head that controls all body functions of a human being.
What is the brain?
The brain stops producing this on it's own due to continued substance use
What is dopamine, serotonin, etc.?
A live-in health care facility providing therapy for substance use disorders, mental illness, or other behavioral problems
What is residential/inpatient treatment?
The neurotransmitter responsible for regulating mood, digestion, and sleep
What is serotonin?
The liver metabolizes this substance at a constant rate
What is alcohol?
When the body requires a specific dose of alcohol/other drugs in order to prevent withdrawal symptoms
What is physical dependence?
The substance related to the cause of 600,000+ deaths since 1999
What is fentanyl/opioids?
The first stage of treatment
What is detoxification?
The final disease of the liver due to the production of scar tissue that cuts off oxygen, damage cannot be reversed
What is cirrhosis?
It can take up to 14 months for the brain to recover from this substance
What are stimulants/opioids/alcohol?
When the effects of a substance are significantly reduced due to repeated use
What is tolerance?
Abuse of this substance can cause of bowel tissue decay, necrosis, and perforation in the stomach/intestines lining
What is chronic stimulant/methamphetamine use?
The minimum length of time a person should stay in treatment for the best chance of staying sober,
What is 90 days?
The brain learns to repeat behavior through _______ reinforcement.
What is positive reinforcement?
Dependence can form as quickly as a few days to 2 weeks
What are opioids?
The body and brains chemical messengers
What are neurotransmitters?
The disorder that causes fat acculumuation on the liver due to chronic alcohol consumption
What is fatty liver?
The use of medications in combination with other treatments, such as counseling, to treat opioid-use disorder and help sustain recovery
What is medication-assisted treatment?
Long acting opioids see withdrawal symptoms __ hours after last use
What is 36 hours?
The withdrawals can be fatal/result in death
When tolerance to one substance causes tolerance to a different substance, despite no prior use
Heroin abuse has been linked to brain damage that resembles this neurodegenerative disorder
What is Alzheimer's?
_____ affects about 40% to 60% of a person’s risk for addiction
What are genetics?
The limbic system is also known as the brains _____
What is reward pathway?
Endorphins are known as the body's "natural ____"
What are opioids?
The system of the body that controls intelligence, memory, personality, emotion, speech, and ability to feel and move
What is the central nervous system?
The brain loses ___ the amount of gray matter a year than normal due to chronic cocaine use
What is double the amount?
The use of Naltrexone, Antaabuses, and Campral
What are medications used to treat alcohol-use disorder?
The name for withdrawal symptoms that occur after initial acute withdrawal from stimulants and last 2-3 weeks
What is protracted withdrawal?
The use of this substance leads to decreased dopamine transporters in the brain
What is methamphetamine/stimulants?
Our set of higher, cognitive skills associated with the frontal lobe
What is executive functioning?
The development of Wernicke's Encephalopathy is the result of a lack of this vitamin in the brain due to chronic alcohol consumption
What is vitamin B/thiamine?
After multiple treatment episodes, what percent of individuals eventually reach a state of sustained abstinence?
What is 60%?
The reabsorption of neurotransmitters into a neuron when they don't attach to a receptor
What is reuptake?