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Substance Abuse
Pathophysiology
Depressants
Stimulants
100
A cluster of behavioural, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and that typically include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a physical withdrawal state.
What is ICD - 10 Classification of Dependence Syndrome
100
Chemical substances which cross the blood-brain-barrier causing alternation in brain functioning leading to changes in behaviour, mood, consciousness and perception are routinely referred to as drugs of these nature.
What are psychoactive drugs?
100
Although banned for use in the US and Canada but legal in the UK, this drug is a metabolised form of morphine.
What is diamorphine?
100
This drug, often referred to as "blow" can cause necrosis of the nasal septum and can cause sudden cardiac death.
What is cocaine?
200
Cannabis use in adolescence often precedes the use of more addictive and harmful substances later in life and thus is often referred to as this.
What is a "gateway" drug.
200
This dopaminergic pathway is involved in initiating movement. Degeneration can lead to Parkinson's Disease.
What is the nigro-striatal pathway?
200
"Binge" use of alcohol is known to cause jaundice, RUQ discomfort and nausea in this condition.
What is acute alcoholic hepatitis?
200
A drug popularised on the US TV series "Breaking Bad", blocks the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline. It can also be use to treat narcolepsy.
What is amphetamine?
300
Ketamine, LSD, PCP and mushrooms are abused all with the purpose of producing this effect.
What are hallucinations?
300
Like benzodiazepines, withdrawal from this substance without monitoring and assistance can be fatal.
What is alcohol?
300
A drug often used to counteract the effects of opioid intoxication. However, due to its shorter half-life as compared with morphine/heroin, patients can become acutely intoxicated once again shortly after it's administration.
What is naloxone?
300
Named for the sound it makes when it is heated, this form of cocaine is cheaper, more potent and causes a more intense "high".
What is crack cocaine?
400
Often used when referring to prescription medication, this is when a substance is used improperly (ie. wrong dose, wrong indication) rather than purposefully.
What is substance misuse?
400
Along with its involvement in the "reward pathway" and initiation of movement, dopamine has a role in modulating the release of this hormone.
What is prolactin?
400
Overdose is a common mode of death amongst opioid abusers. It can be attributed to a reduction of "this" after a user has been "clean" for a long period of time.
What is tolerance?
400
This xanthine alkaloid antagonises the effects of adenosine and inhibits phophodiesterase in order to produce its effects. Effects which we all may have experienced.
What is caffeine?
500
The abuse/misuse of this drug is thought to be mediated by the medical profession.
What are benzodiazepines?
500
This receptor, known to exert a depressive effect on the CNS, is the site of action of benzodiazepines, alcohol and hypnotic agents such as Zopiclone.
What is GABA receptor?
500
Consumption of large amounts of alcohol leads to nausea, headaches and lethargy and is commonly referred to as a "hangover". This is due to the accumulation of this substance.
What is acetaldehyde?
500
Hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis and depression are unwanted side effects of this drug popular amongst youth.
What is MDMA/Ecsatsy?