definitions
what are stem cells
undifferentiated cells
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Umbillical cord stem cells are extracted from...
from the umbilical cord of new born babies
what kind of cells are stem cells
They are undifferentiated cells
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Doctors are using stem cells to create more ...
personalized treatments
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Body used stem cells to replace ... when dying
worn out cells
what are the are the smallest organisms capable of independent life
Unicellular organisms
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Specialized tissues in organisms can be developed by ...
cell differentiation
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...-specific stem cells replace specific tissues
Tussie
1 example of a specialized cell
Blood cells, Nerve cells, Reproductive cells
how many types of specialized cells are there in the human body?
There are 220 distinct types of specialized cells in the human body.
what is cell differentiation?
the process of cells developing the ideal structures needed to carry out a particular function
how are Embryonic stem cell made
Made by fertilizing eggs with sperm and allowing the sygote to develop. They have almost unlimited potential and can differetiate into any cell type in the body
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Stem cells get developped into a 16 to 32 cell solid ball called...
morula
1 example of multipotent cells
Fetal tissue, cord blood, adult cells
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Cell differentiation occurs as a result of changes in ...
gene expression
All living things carry out 7 basic functions integral to survival: What are they and give a description of each
Metabolism- living things undertake essential chemical reactions
Reproduction - living things produce offspring, either sexually or asexually
Sensitivity - living things are responsive to internal and external stimuli
Homeostasis - living things maintain a stable internal environment
Excretion - living things exhibit the removal of waste products
Nutrition - living things exchange materials and gases with the environment
Growth - living things can move and change shape or size
zygote
Fertilization (egg + sperm) → blastocyst
Fertilization of egg by a sperm forms a diploid (2n) zygote cell
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After 5 to 6 days morula differentiates into hollow ball of cell called ...
blastocyst
1 example of pluripotent cells
Cells of blastocyst 5-14 days
what is Regenerative medicine
the process of replacing or "regenerating" human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function.
what is a morphogen and where does it spread from?
tissue signaling molecules that ontrols development and positions of the various specialized cell types withing a tissue. It spreads from a localized source and gorms a concentration gradient across a developing tissue
Stromal Derived Factor is formed when?
when stem cells are going to multiply and go into blood stream they’re now traveling in the bloodstream they will get attracted to the tissue with the stromal derived factor
give the potency of each of these stem cells:
Totipotent
Pluropotent
Multipotent
Totipotent - can become any cell type
Pluropotent - can become most cell types
Multipotent - can only differentiate into a class of cell
1 example of Totipotent cells
Cells of embryo of 1-3 days
what are the benifits and downfalls of using Embryonic stem cells
Benefits
almost unlimited differentiation potential
Less chance of genetic damage via mutation
downfalls
more risk of cells becoming a tumor
Removing cells from the embryo kills it