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EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
READING
WRITING
VOCABULARY
MINDSET
100
Name two executive functions that impact students in school
Attention, Organization, Memory, Impulse Control, Processing Speed, Managing Emotions
100
Name one reason why someone who can read all the words in a text may not understand it.
Attention Vocabulary Insufficient background knowledge
100
What must students know before they can write about something?
They must have an understanding of the topic.
100
What improves memory of a word meaning 37% better than writing down a definition?
Using a picture increases the ability to remember a word.
100
Learning to ride a bike is an example of what?
A "growth mindset". If you work hard at something that you are not good at you can become better at it.
200
How does the Executive Function of Emotional Management impact a student in school?
Difficulty dealing with frustration, Difficulty calming oneself down after getting upset, Go from calm to very upset (0-10) very quickly
200
What is the "Matthew Effect" in reading?
Students who don’t like to read, don’t practice and fall further behind while those who enjoy reading, or for whom it comes easier, read more and become better readers.
200
Name one strategy to support a student who has difficulty with motor output?
Act as a scribe for their writing, Speech to text technology
200
What is one aspect of taking tests that is hard for some students?
Understanding what the question is asking for. Examples are: clarify, analyze, contrast, compare, identify
200
What happens in a person's brain that helps them to get better at something?
When a person practices something, they create new connections in their brain that get stronger the more they work at it. Picture a path in a forest that gets wider as it is used more.
300
A narrow "cognitive bandwidth" describes a small working memory. How can you help a student who has a narrow cognitive bandwidth with a writing assignment?
Break the writing process into steps and work on one step at a time. This approach allows the student to fully focus on a manageable task.
300
Is it OK to read assignments to students or must they always do all of the reading?
Sometimes students would benefit more from having the material read to them, particularly if they are struggling with decoding the words. Too much time spent on decoding gets in the way of understanding.
300
What is one reason that could cause "Output Failure" in a student?
The physical act of writing or typing, Putting thoughts into words, Organizing thoughts, Getting started, Managing the many components such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, syntax, writing or typing
300
What is the "30 million word gap"?
The difference in number of words heard between some children from low-income homes and some children from upper income homes when they enter kindergarten.
300
What is the difference between a "growth" and "fixed" mindset?
People with a “fixed mindset” believe that the amount of a person's intelligence and talent is set and doesn't change. People with a “growth mindset” believe that abilities and talents can grow with instruction and practice.
400
Is ADHD really an attention deficit?
No, it’s a matter of paying attention at the right time, on the right thing, and shifting attention as needed
400
The 4th grade slump describes what?
Reading has shifted from "learning to read" to "reading to learn". Words increase in size and text becomes more complex. Many students begin to struggle at this point with comprehension.
400
Does it help to prompt student to write more about a topic?
Yes. A study found that output doubled or even tripled when students with learning disabilities were prompted three times to write more about an assigned topic.
400
The Frayer Model, a template for learning vocabulary meaning, includes an example of what the word is and a __________________.
non-example.
400
What is the best way to speak to students to promote a "growth" mindset rather than a "fixed" mindset?
Praise children for effort and specific actions rather than how good they are at something or how smart they are.
500
Name one thing, other than ADHD, that can cause executive function weakness.
Lack of sleep, Changes at home such as moving or divorce, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Stress, Traumatic brain injury, Emotional Disabilities
500
What is the "five-finger rule" of reading?
To check if a book is "just right", a child reads a page. For each word the child doesn’t know, have them put up one finger. If at the end of the page they have 5 or more fingers up, the book is too challenging to read independently and should be read with a more advanced reader.
500
What strategies significantly help students with learning disabilities have more success with writing?
Prewriting and planning improves the quality and length of their writing considerably.
500
How does understanding the meaning of roots as well as prefixes and suffixes help students learn vocabulary?
Growing an understanding that word parts have meaning helps children figure out new words they encounter in their reading.
500
How can a "growth mindset" improve a student's success in school?
A person with a growth mindset will try to get better at something. Even someone who is very smart or talented, but has a fixed mindset, may not try for fear they will fail and not look smart anymore.