Marijuana
Marijuana is the most commonly used ___ ___ in the United States
Illicit Drug
People who use cocaine often take it in ______ —taking the drug repeatedly within a short time, at increasingly higher doses—to maintain their high.
Binges
Methamphetamine is a powerful, highly addictive stimulant that affects the ____ ____ system
central nervous
Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid that is similar to ______ but is 50 to 100 times more potent
Morphine
Heroin is an opioid drug made from
Morphine
Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the
Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica plant
What makes cocaine addictive? (what happens in the brain)
flood of dopamine in the brain’s reward circuit strongly reinforces drug-taking behaviors, because the reward circuit eventually adapts to the excess of dopamine caused by cocaine, and becomes less sensitive to it
It is chemically similar to amphetamine, a drug used to treat ____ and ____
ADHD and narcolepsy
Synthetic opioids, including fentanyl, are now the ___ ___ ___ involved in drug overdose deaths in the United States
most common drugs
When people overdose on heroin, their breathing often slows or stops. This can decrease the amount of oxygen that reaches the brain, a condition called
The plant contains the mind-altering chemical known as
THC
How is cocaine and HIV related?
Studies have shown that cocaine use speeds up HIV infection. According to research, cocaine impairs immune cell function and promotes reproduction of the HIV virus. Research also suggests that people who use cocaine and are infected with HIV may be more susceptible to contracting other viruses, such as hepatitis C, a virus that affects the liver
Methamphetamine increases the amount of the natural chemical ______ in the brain. ______ is involved in body movement, motivation, and reinforcement of rewarding behaviors
Dopamine
How soon can you feel withdrawal symptoms?
What is an example of withdrawal from fentanyl?
Few hours ; muscle and bone pain • sleep problems • diarrhea and vomiting • cold flashes with goose bumps • uncontrollable leg movements • severe cravings
Which one is NOT a short-term effect:
heavy feeling in the arms and legs, nausea and vomiting, hunger, severe itching
Hunger
Short-term effects include:
altered senses (for example, seeing brighter colors) • altered sense of time • changes in mood • impaired body movement • difficulty with thinking and problem-solving • impaired memory • hallucinations (when taken in high doses) • delusions (when taken in high doses) • psychosis (risk is highest with regular use of high potency marijuana)
Examples of medical conditions that may occur with long-term use of cocaine.
Other long-term effects of cocaine use include being malnourished, because cocaine decreases appetite, and movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, which may occur after many years of use. In addition, people report irritability and restlessness from cocaine binges, and some also experience severe paranoia, in which they lose touch with reality and have auditory hallucinations—hearing noises that aren't real.
The drug can be easily made in small clandestine laboratories, with relatively inexpensive over-the-counter ingredients such as __________, a common ingredient in cold medications. To curb this kind of production, the law requires pharmacies and other retail stores to keep a purchase record of products containing __________, and take steps to limit sales.
pseudoephedrine
What is hypoxia?
When people overdose on fentanyl, their breathing can slow or stop. This can decrease the amount of oxygen that reaches the brain, a condition called hypoxia. Hypoxia can lead to a coma and permanent brain damage, and even death.
is a medicine that can treat an opioid overdose when given right away. It works by rapidly binding to opioid receptors and blocking the effects of heroin and other opioid drugs.
Naloxone, Narcan
Long term effects include:
may impair thinking, memory, and learning functions and affect how the brain builds connections between the areas necessary for these functions
Cocaine overdose often leads to which 3 medical conditions?
There is no specific medication that can reverse a cocaine overdose. Management involves supportive care and depends on the symptoms present. For instance, because cocaine overdose often leads to a heart attack, stroke, or seizure, first responders and emergency room doctors try to treat the overdose by treating these conditions, with the intent of: • restoring blood flow to the heart (heart attack) • restoring oxygen-rich blood supply to the affected part of the brain (stroke) • stopping the seizure
Long-term methamphetamine use has many other negative consequences, including: *name 3*
• extreme weight loss • addiction • severe dental problems ("meth mouth") • intense itching, leading to skin sores from scratching • anxiety • changes in brain structure and function • confusion • memory loss • sleeping problems • violent behavior • paranoia—extreme and unreasonable distrust of others • hallucinations—sensations and images that seem real though they aren't
Medications: ______ and ______ work by binding to the same ______ ______ in the brain as fentanyl, reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms
Buprenorphine ; methadone ; opioid receptors
Name 3 long-term effects
insomnia • collapsed veins for people who inject the drug • damaged tissue inside the nose for people who sniff or snort it • infection of the heart lining and valves • abscesses (swollen tissue filled with pus) • constipation and stomach cramping • liver and kidney disease • lung complications, including pneumonia • mental disorders such as depression and antisocial personality disorder • sexual dysfunction for men