From Magic to Spice
What country is the first written record of sugar?
India
Three main uses for sugar in Gods and Rituals
Used for rituals, medicine, and food
What is Jundi Shapur?
First true university
Who is Muhammed?
He was a prophet who spread to Islam
Marco Polo brought white sugar to China
Marco Polo
Whose writings were gathered between 1500 and 900 B.C.?
Hindu writings/teachings
For what type of ceremonies was sugar used?
What is Religious offerings, and magical ceremonies
Where is Jundi Shapur?
Iran
What country did Muhammed preach to?
Arabia
How were the Europeans different from the Muslims?
Muslims studied ancient Greeks and Europeans turned to counting on their hands
What languages does the word "candy" come from?
Persian, Arabic, and European languages
Why was fire important?
it was a way for them to reach the gods
Why did Greek scholars go to Jundi Shapur in 529 A.D.?
School of Athens closed
Starting in 642 AD and ending in 732 AD what countries did Muhammad's preaching spread to?
Syria, Iraq, Iran, Egypt, France, North Africa, Iberian peninsula.
Why are they called the Champagne Fairs?
Because the champagne region of France guaranteed safety for any merchants coming to sell or trade at the markets on the lord's land
List two examples of what was gained from the Crusades
Mathematics and how to build windmills
What ingredients are included in the special offerings to God?
Milk, cheese, butter, honey, and sugar cane
Four ethnic groups or nationalities that attended Jundi Shapur
Greeks, Jews, Christians, and Persians
Knowledge grew from the spread of Islam. What did other countries contribute?
Greece developed experience and technical understanding a thousand years more advanced than anyone else nearby. Indian Muslims learned of the zero, allowing them to invent Arabic numerals and brought knowledge of sugar, and brought knowledge of sugar refinement
How much was Henry III willing to pay for 3 pounds of sugar?
450 modern dollars
List the 7 steps of refining sugar.
Crush cut cane
Capture juice
Boil and strain juice
Let settle
Strain again
Pour into molds with holes in the bottom
Mix powder with milk and boil again
What is "khanda"?
a piece of sugar
Jundi Shapur was the first to do what?
Be the first teaching hospital in the world
What did the Muslims become known as the Masters of?
sugar
Who expanded the trade of sugar?
The Venetians