Sulfonamides
What are a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial?
These two types are distinguished by how frequently they must be administered—one requires more frequent dosing due to a shorter half-life.
What are short-acting and long-acting sulfonamides?
Stops these necessary bacterial building blocks
What are DNA, RNA, and proteins?
1. What type of infection is TMP/SMX commonly used to treat?
What are Urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Explanation: TMP/SMX is effective against many bacteria that commonly
cause UTIs, like E. coli.
The day of the week today
What is Wednesday?
The method that this drug supresses bacterial growth
What is inhibiting the synthesis of tetrafolate?
Short-acting, only available in the U.S., oral suspension combined with erythromycin, marketed as Pediazole, and is used to treat otitis media in children.
What is sulfisoxazole?
Works by blocking this bacterial enzyme
What is dihydrofolate reductase?
The mechanism of action of TMP/SMX
What is inhibiting folate synthesis?
Explanation: Sulfamethoxazole blocks dihydropteroate synthase, and trimethoprim blocks dihydrofolate reductase — both steps needed for bacteria to make folate.
Your favorite snack
What is (insert your favorite snack)?
Most commonly administered by this route
What is the oral route?
Type of sulfonamides not used routinely, previously high rate of hypersensitivity but are clincially useful now. (creams, gels, ointments, lotions)
What are topical sulfonamides?
Often used to treat this common infection, especially in women
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
The reason that TMP/SMX should be avoided in late pregnancy
What is Risk of Kernicterus in the newborn?
Explanation: Sulfonamides displace bilirubin from albumin, increasing the risk of brain damage in newborns.
The current president of the United States
Who is Donald Trump?
If administered to pregnant women, these complications may arise
What are birth defects or kernicterus in the baby?
Used to treat eye infections like conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers. It is also formulated in lotions and shampoos for dermatologic conditions such as acne and seborrheic dermatitis.
What is sulfacetamide?
This common side effect may cause skin discomfort
What is itching or rash?
The major electrolyte abnormality that TMP/SMX can cause
What is Hyperkalemia?
Explanation: Trimethoprim acts like potassium-sparing diuretics in the
kidneys, leading to increased potassium levels.
Your entire medical history
What is (insert your entire medical history)?
Because of their low solubility, older Sulfonamides can cause which type of damage
What is Renal damage?
These two topical sulfonamides prevent bacterial colonization in second and third-degree burns. One releases free silver & is usually painless, while the other can cause acidosis
What are silver sulfadiazine or mafenide?
People should be watched closely with this vitamin deficiency while taking this drug
What is folate deficiency?
The reason TMP/SMX is effective against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in HIV patients?
What is PJP dependence on folate synthesis, which TMP/SMX inhibits?
Explanation: Although PJP is a fungus, it relies on a similar folate
pathway as bacteria, making TMP/SMX effective for both prevention and
treatment.
Your favorite flavor of crayon
What is the blue crayon?