FFM1/2
This neurotransmitter is critical in the parasympathetic nervous system and acts on muscarinic receptors to lower heart rate and promote digestion.
What is acetylcholine?
This condition is characterized by an increased production of red blood cells due to a JAK2 mutation.
What is polycythemia vera?
This metabolic bone disease is characterized by low bone density and increased fracture risk, often due to an imbalance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity.
What is osteoporosis?
This murmur is associated with rheumatic fever and results in an opening snap.
What is mitral stenosis?
This hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland and acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
This histological hallmark of apoptosis involves the condensation and fragmentation of the nucleus into small, densely staining fragments.
What is pyknosis?
This microorganism is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults.
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
This condition involves a repetitive use injury of the elbow, leading to pain on the lateral side of the joint, commonly seen in athletes.
What is lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?
This arrhythmia is characterized by rapid, irregular electrical activity, often leading to a high risk of stroke.
What is atrial fibrillation?
This disorder is characterized by thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and is most often associated with heavy proteinuria and edema.
What is minimal change disease?
This type of necrosis, most commonly seen after MI, is characterized by the preservation of tissue architecture with a loss of cell nuclei and the appearance of hypereosinophilic cells.
What is coagulative necrosis?
This virus is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
What is human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)?
This condition is characterized by the presence of a bony spur in the heel, often associated with plantar pain, especially after periods of rest.
What is plantar fasciitis?
This chronic lung disease is characterized by airflow obstruction and is primarily caused by long-term exposure to irritants.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
This condition occurs when the kidneys are unable to properly excrete waste products, leading to the accumulation of urea and creatinine in the blood.
What is azotemia?
This G-protein pathway leads to the activation of phospholipase C and the generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol.
What is a Gq-coupled receptor?
This condition is characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22).
What is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
This autoimmune disease is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors, leading to progressive muscle weakness.
What is myasthenia gravis?
This disease has non-caseating granulomas, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and elevated ACE.
What is sarcoidosis?
This condition presents with a 'spike and dome' appearance on biopsy and is associated with solid tumors or hepatitis B.
What is membranous nephropathy?
This class of drugs inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication, and is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
What are fluoroquinolones?
This hematologic disorder has a prolonged PTT, normal PT, and is corrected with mixing studies.
What is hemophilia A or B?
This inflammatory disease is characterized by the involvement of both the sacroiliac joints and the spine, and is strongly associated with the HLA-B27 gene.
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
This congenital heart defect involves a right-to-left shunt, allowing blood to bypass the lungs and leading to cyanosis.
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
This disorder is caused by an autoimmune response where antibodies attack the basement membrane in the lungs and kidneys, leading to progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage.
What is Goodpasture syndrome?