Parkinson's
1. What are the four classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease, represented by the acronym TRAP?
a) Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia, Postural instability
b) Tremor, Resting, Anxiety, Pain
c) Twitching, Restlessness, Apathy, Paralysis
d) Tingling, Rash, Amnesia, Paralysis
a) Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia, Postural instability Rationale: TRAP stands for Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia (manifesting as bradykinesia), and Postural instability, which are the classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Which clinical manifestation will the nurse immediately report to the HCP when providing care for a patient with traumatic brain injury and increased intracranial pressure?
· icp of 20 mmhg
· Urine output of 500 ml in 1 hour
· Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min
· Pulse of 100 beats/min
Urine output of 500 ml in 1 hour
10. Which cranial nerve irritation, secondary to bacterial meningitis, results in the patient’s loss of corneal reflexes?
· CN II
· CN V
· CN IV
· CN VII
· CN V, CN VII
The nurse is eliciting a health history from a patient with ulcerative colitis. Which factor would the nurse consider to be most likely associated with the patient's colitis?
a. food allergy
b. infectious agent
c. dietary component
d. genetic predisposition
d. genetic predisposition
Which rationale will the nurse provide to a patient with Crohn's disease who asks why the prescribed vitamins have to be given IV rather than by mouth? Select all that apply.
a. They provide more rapid action results
b. They decrease irritability
c. Oral vitamins are less effective
d. Intestional absorption may be inadequate
e. Allergic responses are less likely to occur
a. They provide more rapid action results
c. Oral vitamins are less effective
d. Intestional absorption may be inadequate
2. Which neurotransmitter is depleted in Parkinson's disease?
a) Serotonin
b) Dopamine
c) Acetylcholine
d) Norepinephrine
b) Dopamine Rationale: Parkinson's disease results from a depletion of dopamine in the substantia nigra area of the brain, leading to an imbalance with acetylcholine.
Upon hearing a patient with increased ICP begin to snore, the nurse would relate the sound to which potential finding upon assessment?
· Obstruction
· Over sedation
· Normal finding
· Decreasing ICP
Obstruction
Which cranial nerve controls hearing and balance?
· Trigeminal (V)
· Glossopharyngeal (IX)
· Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
· Hypoglossal (XII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
A patient is experiencing an exacerbation of UC. A low-residue, high-protein diet and IV with vitamins have been prescribed. when implementing these prescriptions, which goal is the nurse trying to achieve?
a. reduce gastric acidity
b. reduce colonic irritation
c. reduce intestional absorption
d. reduce infection rate.
b. reduce colonic irritation
A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Which is important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for the patient.
a. controlling constipation
b. meeting nutritional needs
c. preventing increased weakness
d. anticipating a sexual alteration
b. meeting nutritional needs
3. What is the average age of onset for Parkinson's disease?
a) 35 years
b) 45 years
c) 56 years
d) 65 years
c) 56 years Rationale: The textbook material states that the mean age of onset for Parkinson's disease is 56 years.
Which medication has a rapid onset and short half- life and is administered to treat a patient’s anxiety and agitation secondary to increased intracranial pressure?
· Propofol
· Lorazepam
· Morphine sulphate
· Cocaine (hehe)
Propofol
The nurse asks a patient to smile and raise their eyebrows. Which cranial nerve is being tested?
· Vagus (X)
· Accessory (XI)
· Facial (VII)
· Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Which reported clinical manifestations would the nurse expect from a patient with UC? Select all that apply.
a. fevers
b. diarrhea
c. gain weight
d. spitting up blood
e. abdominal cramps
a. fevers
b. diarrhea
e. abdominal cramps
The nurse anticpates which diagnostic study will be performed to assess alterations in mucusal integrity and inflammation in the small intestine of the patient who is suspected of having Crohn's disease?
a. D-xylese test
b. Capsule Endoscopy
c. Bowel Barium Enema
d. Lactose Tolerance Test
b. Capsule Endoscopy
4. Which of the following is NOT a common motor complication associated with advanced Parkinson's disease or its treatment?
a) On-off phenomenon
b) Wearing-off phenomenon
c) Dyskinesia
d) Hyperreflexia
d) Hyperreflexia Rationale: While on-off phenomenon, wearing-off phenomenon, and dyskinesia are common motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease or its treatment, hyperreflexia is not typically associated with the condition.
Of the four assigned patients in the ICU, which patient with an infection has the highest risk of developing cerebral edema?
· Patient diagnosed with encephalitis
· Patient experiencing cerebral thrombosis
· The patient who sustained a contusion from a fall
· The patient with hydrocephalus from a malfunctioning shunt.
Patient diagnosed with encephalitis
A patient has difficulty chewing. Which cranial nerve might be affected?
· Trigeminal (V)
· Facial (VII)
· Hypoglossal (XII)
· Vagus (X)
Trigeminal (V)
A patient with an acute episode of UC is admitted to the hospital. Blood studies reveal that the chloride level is low. Which would the nurse be prepared to administer to the patient?
a. a low-residue diet
b. Intravenous therapy
c. total parental nutrition
d. an oral electrolyte solution
b. Intravenous therapy
The nurse identifies that which medication is contraindicated when reviewing the list of medications that are being considered to treat pregnant patient with Crohn's disease?
a. mesalamine
b. sulfasalzine
c. azathioprine
d. methotrexate
d. methotrexate
5. Which of the following environmental modifications can help improve safety for a patient with Parkinson's disease?
a) Adding throw rugs to the home
b) Lowering the toilet seat
c) Removing excess furniture
d) Installing dimmer switches for lighting
c) Removing excess furniture Rationale: Removing excess furniture helps to reduce the risk of stumbling and falling, which is a common concern for patients with Parkinson's disease due to their mobility issues.
10. Which cranial nerve irritation, secondary to bacterial meningitis, results in the patient’s loss of corneal reflexes?
· CN II
· CN V
· CN IV
· CN VII
CN V
The nurse tests the gag reflex. This evaluates which two cranial nerves?
· Olfactory and facial
· Glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)
Terminal and abducens
· Vestibulocochlear and Hypoglossal
Glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)
The nurse is teaching a patient with an acute exacerbation of UC about an appropriate diet. Which food selected by patient indicates the teaching was effective.
a. orange juice
b. scrambled eggs
c. vanilla milkshake
d. creamed potato soup
b. scrambled eggs
Which condition involves inflammation of all layers of the bowel wall?
a. Crohn's disease
b. Ulcerative Colitis
a. Crohn's disease