Locality Domains
These are domains according to the Chomskyan notion of a phase.
What are VP and TP?
(In Chomsky 2000, vP and CP are said to be phases based on the idea that a phase is propositional. The domain of a Phase is the complement of the phase head, i.e. VP is the domain of the vP-phase, TP is the domain of the CP-phase.)
Very often, but not always, these parts of a phase is exempt from Spell-Out.
What is the edge and the head of a phase?
(Kalin (t.a.), for example, assumes that the entire phase including the edge is shipped off to the interfaces.)
This condition demands that all operations apply at the root of the current phrase marker.
What is the Strict Cycle Condition?
(The SCC was first mentioned in Chomsky 1973. In the strictest version (every node in the tree introduces a cycle) it bans tucking-in. It can be weakened by referring to phrases or phases as cycles.)
This concept links a moved element and its copies in order to find out what can be deleted.
What is a chain?
(In Reuland (2001), the notion of chain is expanded to link antecedent and anapher, ultimately relating binding to feature movement (~ Agree).)
In this Germanic language, nominative seems to be the default case and there seem to be no long-distance case dependencies.
What is Icelandic?
According to this concept, phasehood is not strictly tied to a label, but is dependent on the presence or absence of certain processes.
What are dynamic phases?
(The main idea of dynamic phases is that vP and CP are not always phases in all derivations but that a syntactic head can become a phase head or ceases to be a phase head in certain contexts, hence dynamic phases. In most cases, the label does play a role for dynamic phases as well, cf. den Dikken's (2007) Phase Extension or Bobaljik and Wurmbrand's (2013) Domain Suspension. For Puskar's (2017) Condition on Agree Domain, on the other hand, labels do not play a role at all.)
This is often used as a synonym for Spell-Out, but occasionally refers to a a process before Spell-Out.
What is Transfer?
(Wurmbrand (2014), for example, says that Transfer is copy reduction, while Spell-Out submits the phase domain to PF and LF.)
The idea to this operation was introduced in Lebeaux (1998) and accounts for the different reconstruction properties between complement and adjunct clauses.
What is Late Merger?
This concept is nowadays the standard way to impose locality requirements in derivational frameworks.
What is a phase?
(Phases have many properties. According to Chomsky 2000, they are propositional, they are the basis of Cyclic Spell-Out and the PIC, enforcing successive-cyclic movement via edge features.)
This language marks subject and object agreement. The agreement morphemes can be distinguished in S- and L-suffixes.
What is Senaya?
According to Chomskyan phase theory, these heads should show reflexes of successive-cyclic movement.
What are vP and CP?
(Zaenen's Generalization (Zaenen 1983) says that only complementizers and verbs are affected by reflexes of successive-cyclic movement. Complementizers are usually associated with the functional head C. Verbs move to the functional head v, either showing up in the position of v on the surface or moving to higher functional heads such as T afterwards.)
A phase gets this attribute if its domain stays accessible for some operations (usually case/agreement operations).
What is soft?
(The notion of Soft Phase is based on a crucial difference between movement and agreement. One difference could be that you can look inside the domain of a phase, but you cannot move something out of it.)
This concept is related to phases and means that the derivation is shipped off in chunks.
What is Cyclic Spell-Out?
This phenomenon is often transparent, sometimes opaque, and sometimes defective.
What is Intervention?
(Transparent Intervention occurs if an item C blocks the dependencies between two other items A and B because C is in between A and B. Opaque intervention happens if transparent intervention is masked by movement of C to another non-intervening position. Usually, intervention occurs because C itself establishes a dependency with either A or B (cf. Minimal Link Condition). Defective intervention means that C intervenes even though it cannot establish a relation itself.)
In this language, anti-locality might be important for movement of ergative subjects.
What is Kaqchikel?
(Erlewine (2016) argues that the Agent Focus marker occurs because movement of the ergative subject to Spec-CP is too local. )
For these locality domains, the Greek letters
Theta, Phi, and Omega
are important.
What are Prolific Domains?
(A Prolific Domain (Grohmann 2000 et seq.) (usually) consists of several heads that have a function in common (creating Theta-relations, licensing Phi-Agreement, or establishing Discourse Information. Prolific Domains are used to define a minimal length for movement (cf. the Anti-Locality Conditions). They differ from phases in that they don't define Spell-Out domains or intermediate landing sites for movement. They are not defined by the label of a head but rather by a function. They are in principal compatible with phases.)
This site is not as famous as the Eiffel Tower or the Statue of Liberty, but important if you want to establish a non-local movement dependency.
What is an intermediate landing site?
This is the name for two different concepts of Agree, one developed in Legate (2005), the other developed in Bejar and Rezac (2009).
What is Cyclic Agree?
(In Legate (2005), Cyclic Agree means successive-cyclic Agree (a probe becomes the goal for the next higher head); in Bejar and Rezac (2009), Cyclic Agree refers to the cyclic expansion of the search space of probes.)
It is in a way the opposite of Non-Locality.
What is Anti-Locality?
(Dependencies are anti-local if they are too local. Closely connected to Anti-Locality are Prolific Domains. The Anti-Locality Condition (Grohmann 2000) says that a movement dependency must relate at least two Prolific Domains.)
In this language, infixation on the verb is sometimes due to impoverishment.
What is Chamorro?
(In Chamorro, the infix -um- appears if the subject is wh-moved. According to Lahne (2009), reflexes of movement come about because movement to intermediate landing sites is caused by the insertion of an edge property on existing features. These features delete (are impoverished) resulting in the insertion of less specific markers.)
The main idea of this concept is that every Agree probe has an individual end point for the search initiated by this probe.
What is a Horizon?
(The concept of Horizons (Keine (2016)) allows to account for selective opacity (e.g. Improper Movement) because the locality domains are not fixed: Probes for A-relations have different Horizons than probes for A'-relations. In principle, the theory of horizons is compatible with phase theory (absolute locality boundaries), but it seems that only CP, not vP can be a phase.)
This condition in a way reiterates the idea of cyclic Spell-Out.
What is the Phase Impenetrability Condition?
(The PIC says that the domain of a phase is not accessible to operations outside the phase. If Transfer is understood literally, elements in the domain should not be present to phase-external operations.)
This is the result of the PIC reformulated in Chomsky 2001.
What is Delayed Spell-Out?
(The weak version of the PIC says that the domain of a phase is not accessible to operations outside of the next higher phase. If non-accessibility is due to Spell-Out, the weak PIC leads to Delayed Spell-Out.)
Going back to Rizzi (1991), a modern reinterpretation of this concept is closely linked (if not identical) to the Minimal Link Condition.
What is Relativized Minimality?
(Relativized Minimality is originally defined in the Government-And-Binding Framework of Chomsky 1981. It, thus, refers to government. The core idea of Relativized Minimality is that an element X cannot establish a relation with Y if there is another element Z that is similar to Y in a relevant property (e.g. Y and that bear the same feature F) and Z structurally intervenes between X and Y (X c-commands Z, Z c-commands Y).)
Some might think that speakers of this language need psychiatric treatment for their occasional compulsion to identify with rain.
What is Amele?
(In Amele, the same-subject marker occurs also if two events are simultaneous.)