Definitions
The substance being dissolved by the solvent.
has a sour taste (lemons, oranges, orange juice)
Acid
a base that has accepted a proton
Conjugate Acid
substance that releases H+ into aqueous solution
Arrhenius (Acid)
A polar molecule with positive and negative poles
Water
The substance that does the dissolving.
has a bitter taste
Base
an acid that has donated a proton
Conjugate base
substance that donates a proton to another
Bronsted-Lowry (Acid)
What are ions?
atoms with a net electrical charge (positive or negative).
What is molarity?
measures the number of moles of a solute dissolved in exactly one liter of solution
p.H. value higher than 7.0
Base
HF + H2O ->
Acid: HF
Base: H2O
F- + H3O+
Conjugate Acid: H3O+
Conjugate Base: F-
not concerned about formation of hydronium
Bronsted-Lowry (Acids & Bases)
two or more oppositely charged ions that are soluble in water
Ionic compounds
Parts are evenly distributed and cannot be distinguished from one another and parts can be physically separated
Homogenous mixture
p.H. value of less than 7.0
Acid
H2SO4 + H2O ->
Acid: H2SO4
Base: H2O
HSO4- + H3O+
Conjugate Acid: H3O-
Conjugate Base: HSO4_
substance that will accept a proton
Bronsted-Lowry (base)
What is a hydration shell?
A cluster of water molecules that surround and detach solutes
Parts are unevenly distributed and can be distinguished from one another and parts can be physically separated
Heterogenous mixture
p.H. value of exactly 7.0
Neutral
Can either revert back to their original states?
Yes, after donating a conjugate Base can reaccept a proton and a conjugate acid can re-donate a proton.
substance that dissolves and releases hydroxide into an aqueous solution
Arrhenius (Base)
Dissolves from the outside in
Water Molecules