Show:
Cryotherapy
Thermotherapy
Phono
US 1
US 2
100

Name 2 physiological responses that occur in response to cryotherapy

  • Decreases blood flow
  • Decreases tissue metabolism
  • Decreases bleeding
  • Decreases acute inflammation immediately or soon after injury or surgery
100

At what temperature will tissue damage start?

above 113 degrees

100

Name 2 conditions phonophoresis can be used for

Inflammatory conditions

Pain

Trigger points 

100

What does duration mean and what are the numbers associated with t? 

Duration= time, usually not more than 10 minutes

100

Why is it important to move the transducer head at all times 

To reduce the risk of burning 

200

What is the difference between conduction vs. convention? 

  • Conduction: the transfer of heat by direct interaction of the molecules in the warmer area with those in the cooler area; the body comes in direct contact with the could source. Examples:  cold or ice packs, ice massage, controlled cold units, cold or cool immersion
  • Convection: heat abstraction occurs when there is direct contact between the skin and moving fluid particles. Examples: cold whirlpool, fluidotherapy
200

What is the range of tissue temperature required to achieve desired physiological reactions with thermotherapy?

  • 104° - 113°
200

Explain how phonophoresis works 

◦Soundwaves cause cavitation, which opens pores in the skin so that the medication is absorbed subcutaneously

200

What does duty cycle mean/do and what are the numbers associated with it? 

Duty Cycle=on/off time (primary way of determining thermal vs. nonthermal)

100%, 50%, 20%, 10%

200

Name 2 contraindications for using ultrasound 

Possible cancer

Hemorrhage 

Active bleeding

Infection 

Over the eye balls and spine 

Metal 

Acute inflammation 

300

Which form of energy transfer is unable to cool subcutaneous tissues?

Evaporation 

300

Identify 2 effects thermotherapy can have on connective tissues

  • Increase in elasticity
  • Decrease in viscosity
  • Decrease in joint stiffness
  • Increase in muscle flexibility
300

Name 2 types of medications used in phonophoresis

Hydrocortisone

Dexamethasone 

Diclofenac

Myoflex

Lidocaine

Benzydamine

300

What does intensity mean/do and what are the numbers associated with it? 

Intensity= strength W.cm2 (.02-2.0)

Most important in determining tissue response

300

Name the steps to properly use the ultrasound machine 


◦Apply water-based gel to treatment area

◦Have towels handy

◦To heat or not to heat? (pages 100 and 101 in book)

◦Turn on machine and hold transducer in your palm or away from the skin 

◦Adjust frequency, duty cycle, and intensity

◦Adjust timer for desired duration

◦Place transducer on client BEFORE starting machine

◦Keep transducer moving AT ALL TIMES

400

Name 2 signs of hypersensitivity to cold?

  • Hives and wheals, the latter which are raised, red, sometimes irregularly shaped areas that often burn or itch and can remain for 24-48 hours.
400

True or False:  Moist heat penetrates deeper than dry heat.  Justify your answer.

  • True, Dry heat can elevate surface temperatures to a greater degree, but moist heat can elevate temperature to a slightly deeper level.
400

What intensity is commonly used in phonophoresis and why?

1.5 W/cm2

400

What does frequency mean and what are the numbers associated with it? 

Frequencies= depth, 1 MHz or 3 MHz

400

What is the appropriate treatment area when using ultrasound 

◦not larger than 4x the ERA (◦Effective Radiating Are: part of the transducer that produces sound waves)

500

Identify the three main physiological changes that occur after cryotherapy

  • Arteriole vasoconstriction – reduces bleeding
  • Decrease metabolism and vasoactive agents – reduces inflammation and outward fluid filtrations
  • Increase in pain threshold
500

Name 3 contraindications for using thermotherapy 

lack of intact thermal sensation

vascular insufficiency or vascular disease

recent hemorrhage or potential hemorrhage

acute inflammation

infected areas

open wounds 

situation deemed unreliable by the practitioner

500

What are 2 contraindications for using phonophoresis


◦All that apply to ultrasound

◦Allergies to intended medications

◦Monitor reaction carefully after initial treatment and stop if any negative response

◦Ensure that there is a specific prescription from the treating physician prior to use

500

How can you describe ultrasound? 

Uses high-frequency mechanical waves using acoustic energy

The sound waves exert their mechanical action by pressing the initially vibrating molecules into adjacent molecules, which in turn causes them to vibrate

There is poor transmission of US through air, which is why gel is required

500

What are all the parameters you should use for chronic shoulder pain 


1.10 minutes

2.3-5x/week

3.1 MHz

4.Continuous (100%) at 1.0 W/cm2

5.For 3-4 weeks