Show:
Cryotherapy
Thermotherapy
Phono
US 1
US 2
100

Name 2 physiological responses that occur in response to cryotherapy

Decreases blood flow

Decreases tissue metabolism

Decreases bleeding

Decreases acute inflammation immediately or soon after injury or surgery

100

True or False: Moist heat penetrates deeper than dry heat.

True

Dry heat can elevate surface temperatures to a greater degree, but moist heat can elevate temperature to a slightly deeper level.

100

Name 2 conditions phonophoresis can be used for

Inflammatory conditions

Pain

Trigger points 

100

What does duration mean and what are the numbers associated with it? 

Duration= time, usually not more than 10 minutes

100

Why is it important to move the transducer head at all times 

To reduce the risk of burning 

200

What is the difference between conduction vs. convention? 

  • Conduction: the transfer of heat by direct interaction of the molecules in the warmer area with those in the cooler area. Examples: cold or ice packs, ice massage, controlled cold units and cool immersion. 
  • Convection: heat abstraction occurs when there is direct contact between the skin and moving fluid particles. Examples: cold whirlpool and fluidotherapy.
200

Identify 2 effects thermotherapy can have on connective tissues

  • Increase in elasticity
  • Increase in muscle flexibility
  • Decrease in viscosity
  • Decrease in joint stiffness
200

Explain how phonophoresis works 

Soundwaves cause cavitation, which opens pores in the skin so that the medication is absorbed subcutaneously

200

What does duty cycle mean and what are the numbers associated with it? 

Duty Cycle=on/off time (primary way of determining thermal vs. nonthermal)

100%, 50%, 20%, 10%

200

Name 2 contraindications for using ultrasound 

Possible cancer

Hemorrhage 

Active bleeding

Infection 

Over the eye balls and spine 

Metal 

Acute inflammation 

300

Which form of energy transfer is unable to cool subcutaneous tissues?

Evaporation 

300

Name 3 contraindications for using thermotherapy

Recent hemorrhage or potential hemorrhage

Acute inflammation

Infected areas

Open wounds 

Situation deemed unreliable by the practitioner

300

Name 2 types (or names) of medications used in phonophoresis

Hydrocortisone (corticosteroid)

Dexamethasone (corticosteroid)

Diclofenac (NSAID)

Myoflex (Salicylate)

Lidocaine (Analgesic)

Benzydamine (Analgesic)

300

What does intensity mean and what are the numbers associated with it? 

Intensity= strength/power 

W/cm2 (.02-2.0)

Most important in determining tissue response

300

How can you describe ultrasound to a patient?

It utilizes high-frequency acoustic energy causing mechanical waves. There is poor transmission of US waves through air, which is why gel is required.

400

Name 2 signs of hypersensitivity to cold?

  • Hives and wheals, the latter which are raised, red, sometimes irregularly shaped areas that often burn or itch and can remain for 24-48 hours.
400

What temperature will tissue damage start?

  • Above 113
400

What are 2 precautions or contraindications for using phonophoresis

All that apply to ultrasound

Allergies to intended medications

Monitor reaction carefully after initial treatment and stop if any negative response

Ensure that there is a specific prescription from the treating physician prior to use

400

What does frequency mean and what are the numbers associated with it? 

Frequencies= depth

1 MHz or 3 MHz

400

What is the appropriate treatment area when using ultrasound 

Not larger than 4x the ERA

500

When applying cryotherapy, a patient will typically progress through these four stages of sensation. 

  • Cold
  • Burning
  • Aching
  • Numbness
500

What is the range of tissue temperature required to achieve desired physiological reactions with thermotherapy?

104° - 113°

500

Name two factors that affect medication diffusion

Hydration, age, composition, vascularity, thickness

500

What is the ERA?

The "Effective Radiating Area." This refers to the actual area of the transducer head that emits ultrasound energy. 

500

What are three ways ultrasound energy attenuates?

Reflection, refraction and absorption