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Establishment Clause
Freedom of Speech and Press
Due Process
Equal Protection-Minorities
Equal Protection- Women
100
A New Jersey law allowed reimbursements of money to parents who sent their children to school on buses operated by the public transportation system. Children who attended Catholic schools also qualified for this transportation subsidy. A divided Court held that the law did not violate the Constitution. After detailing the history and importance of the Establishment Clause, Justice Black argued that services like bussing and police and fire protection for parochial schools are "separate and so indisputably marked off from the religious function" that for the state to provide them would not violate the First Amendment.
What is Everson v. Board of Education
100
Government could not censor or prohibit a publication in advance.
What is Near vs. Minnesota?
100
Supreme Court ruled that the state could not force disclosure of membership lists of a legal group.
What is NAACP vs. Alabama
100
Courts ruling forced states to be more consistent when dealing with blacks and the death penalty.
What is Furman vs. Arizona?
100
Court ruled that the Idaho law giving men preferential treatment in suits was unconstitutional.
What is Reed vs. Reed?
200
Court held that the District's policy permitting student-led, student-initiated prayer at football games violates the Establishment Clause. The Court concluded that the football game prayers were public speech authorized by a government policy and taking place on government property at government-sponsored school-related events and that the District's policy involved both perceived and actual government endorsement of the delivery of prayer at important school events.
What is Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
200
Court determined that Alabama's prayer and meditation statute was unconstitutional.
What is Wallace vs. Jaffree.
200
Court ruled that evidence obtained in illegal search and seizures was not admissible in court.
What is Mapp vs. Ohio?
200
Court ruled that the University of Michigan law school could use race as a factor of admission.
What is Grutter vs. Bollinger?
200
Court ruled that Missouri laws restricting abortion was not unconstitutional.
What is Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services?
300
In distinguishing between "curriculum" and "noncurriculum student groups," the Court held that since Westside permitted other noncurricular clubs, it was prohibited under the Equal Access Act from denying equal access to any after- school club based on the content of its speech. The proposed Christian club would be a noncurriculum group since no other course required students to become its members, its subject matter would not actually be taught in classes, it did not concern the school's cumulative body of courses, and its members would not receive academic credit for their participation.
What is Westside Community Schools v. Mergens
300
Courts ruled that a student led Christian club was ok.
What is Board of ED. of Westside Community Schools vs. Mergens.
300
Courts ruled that police could not interrogate arrested persons without notifying them of their right to counsel.
What is Miranda vs. Arizona?
300
Court ruled that University of Michigan's College of Literature, science and the arts could not use race as a factor in admissions.
What is Gratz vs. Bollinger?
300
Court imposed new standards for determining the validity of laws regarding abortions.
What is Planned Parenthood vs. Casey?
400
The Court determined the constitutionality of Alabama's prayer and meditation statute by applying the secular purpose test, which asked if the state's actual purpose was to endorse or disapprove of religion. The Court held that Alabama's passage of the prayer and meditation statute was not only a deviation from the state's duty to maintain absolute neutrality toward religion, but was an affirmative endorsement of religion.
What is Wallace v. Jaffree
400
Court ruled that a student led Christian prayer was unconstitutional.
What is Santa Fe Independent School Dist. vs. Doe
400
Court ruled that searches on school grounds could be conducted without "reasonable cause".
What is New Jersey vs. T.L.O.?
400
There was a split vote, four judges said that any racial quota system was a violation of the constitution, and four said that the use of race was acceptable in admissions to schools.
What is Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke?
400
Court ruled that Congress' ban on partial-birth abortion was not unconstitutional.
What is Gonzales vs. Carhart?
500
The Court found that the subsidization of parochial schools furthered a process of religious inculcation, and that the "continuing state surveillance" necessary to enforce the specific provisions of the laws would inevitably entangle the state in religious affairs. The Court also noted the presence of an unhealthy "divisive political potential" concerning legislation which appropriates support to religious schools.
What is Lemon v. Kurtzman
500
Ruled that displaying the 10 commandments was unconstitutional.
What is McCreary County vs. ACLU?
500
Court ruled that various guarantees in the Bill of Rights gave married couples right to privacy.
What is Griswold vs. Connecticut?
500
Courts ruling forced states to be more consistent when dealing with blacks and the death penalty.
What is Furman vs. Arizona?
500
Court ruled that a woman's right to abortion was protected by the 14th amendment.
What is Roe vs. Wade?