Background
Marbury v Madison(1803)
The outgoing President John Adams issued William Marbury a commission as justice of the peace but the Secretary of State James Madison refused to deliver it. Marbury then sued to get it. the decision in Marbury v. Madison was Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle of judicial review.
Engel v Vitale(1962)
In 1958–59 a group of parents that included Steven Engel in Hyde Park, New York, objected to the prayer, which read, “Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country,” and sued the school board president, William Vitale
Shaw v Reno(1993)
a landmark United States Supreme Court case in the area of redistricting and racial gerrymandering. After the 1990 census, North Carolina qualified to have a 12th district and drew it in a distinct snake-like manner to create a "majority-minority" Black district.
MARBURY V. MADISON (1803)
The U.S. Supreme Court first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review.
ENGEL V. VITALE (1962)
The state cannot hold prayers in public schools, even if participation is not required and the prayer is not tied to a particular religion.
Mccolloch v Maryland(1819)
In 1818 the State of Maryland approved legislation to impose taxes on the Second National Bank chartered by Congress. James W. McCulloch, a Federal cashier at the Baltimore branch of the U.S. bank, refused to pay the taxes imposed by the state. Maryland filed a suit against McCulloch in an effort to collect the taxes
Gideon v Wainwright(1963)
Charged with breaking and entering into a Panama City, Florida, pool hall, Clarence Earl Gideon Gideon, was denied his request that an attorney be appointed to represent him. The Supreme Court reversed his conviction, holding that defense counsel is "fundamental and essential" to a fair trial.
United States v Lopez(1995)
Reaffirmed certain limits on congressional power. There, Alphonso Lopez was arrested for carrying a concealed weapon into his high school. He was charged under the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, a congressional law that banned people from bringing guns into school zones.
MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND (1819)
The Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government.
GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT (1963)
Guaranteeing the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants in federal and state courts.
Schenck v United States(1919)
Charles Schenck was charged under the Espionage Act for mailing printed circulars critical of the military draft.
Tinker v Des Moines Independent Community School District(1969)
At a public school in Des Moines, Iowa, students organized a silent protest against the Vietnam War. Students planned to wear black armbands to school to protest the fighting but the principal found out and told the students they would be suspended if they wore the armbands.
McDonald v Chicago(2010)
centered around a challenge to the city's strict gun control laws, which banned possessing them within city limits. Otis McDonald, a 76-year-old retired maintenance engineer, filed suit against the city, arguing that the regulations violated his Second Amendment rights.
SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES (1919)
The freedom of speech protection afforded in the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment could be restricted if the words spoken or printed represented to society a “clear and present danger.”
TINKER V. DES MOINES INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT (1969)
Agreed that students' free rights should be protected and said, "Students don't shed their constitutional rights at the school house gates."
Brown v Board of Education(1954)
a public school district in Topeka, Kansas refused to let Oliver Brown's daughter enroll at the nearest school to their home and instead required her to enroll at a school further away. Oliver Brown and his daughter were black.
New York Times Co. v United States(1971)
President Nixon became concerned that the publication of the Pentagon Papers would compromise U.S. intelligence and diplomatic relationships. In fear of compromising relationships with other nations, President Nixon ordered the Justice Department to prevent further publication of the New York Times.
Citizens United v Federal Election Commission(2010)
Citizens United, a nonprofit membership corporation, filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia challenging the constitutionality of the statutory provisions governing disclaimers on, and disclosure and funding of, certain "electioneering communications"
BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION (1954)
Separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional.
NEW YORK TIMES CO. V. UNITED STATES (1971)
Expanding freedom of the press and limits on the government's power to interrupt that freedom.
Baker v Carr(1962)
Charles W. Baker and other Tennessee citizens alleged that a 1901 law designed to apportion the seats for the state's General Assembly was virtually ignored. Baker's suit detailed how Tennessee's reapportionment efforts ignored significant economic growth and population shifts within the state.
Wisconsin v Yoder(1972)
Yoder, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on May 15, 1972, ruled (7–0) that Wisconsin's compulsory school attendance law was unconstitutional as applied to the Amish (primarily members of the Old Order Amish Mennonite Church), because it violated their First Amendment right to free exercise of religion.
Epic Games V. Apple (2020)
RIP FN Mobile
BAKER V. CARR (1962)
Federal courts could hear cases alleging that a state's drawing of electoral boundaries violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution.
WISCONSIN V. YODER (1972)
A state law requiring that children attend school past 8th grade violates the parents' constitutional right to direct the religious upbringing of their children.