Show:
Freedom Of Religion
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Assembly and Petition/Incorporation
Equal Protection
2nd Amendment/Due Process and Rights of the Accused
100
In Pennsylvania, a statute provided financial support for teacher salaries, textbooks, and instructional materials for secular subjects to non-public schools. The Rhode Island statute provided direct supplemental salary payments to teachers in non-public elementary schools. Each statute made aid available to "church-related educational institutions."
What is Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
100
The circulars suggested that the draft was a monstrous wrong motivated by the capitalist system. The circulars urged "Do not submit to intimidation" but advised only peaceful action such as petitioning to repeal the Conscription Act. was charged with conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act by attempting to cause insubordination in the military and to obstruct recruitment.
What is Schenck v. United States
100
a socialist, was arrested for distributing copies of a "left-wing manifesto" that called for the establishment of socialism through strikes and class action of any form. was convicted under a state criminal anarchy law, which punished advocating the overthrow of the government by force. At his trial, argued that since there was no resulting action flowing from the manifesto's publication, the statute penalized utterences without propensity to incitement of concrete action. The New York courts had decided that anyone who advocated the doctrine of violent revolution violated the law.
What is Gitlow v. New York
100
The state of Louisiana enacted a law that required separate railway cars for blacks and whites. In 1892, Homer Adolph who was seven-eighths Caucasian--took a seat in a "whites only" car of a Louisiana train. He refused to move to the car reserved for blacks and was arrested.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson
100
the Court heard a case regarding the central meaning of the Second Amendment and its relation to gun control laws. After the District of Columbia passed legislation barring the registration of handguns, requiring licenses for all pistols, and mandating that all legal firearms must be kept unloaded and disassembled or trigger locked, a group of private gun-owners brought suit claiming the laws violated their Second Amendment right to bear arms.
What is Distric of Columbia v. Heller
200
A New Jersey law allowed reimbursements of money to parents who sent their children to school on buses operated by the public transportation system. Children who attended Catholic schools also qualified for this transportation subsidy.
What is Everson v. Board of Education
200
At a school-supervised event, held up a banner with the message "Bong Hits 4 Jesus," a slang reference to marijuana smoking.
What is Morse v. Fredeerick
200
As the city developed and expanded, large amounts of sand accumulated in the harbor, depriving of the deep waters which had been the key to his successful business. He sued the city to recover a portion of his financial losses.
What is BARRON v. MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL OF BALTIMORE
200
During World War II, Presidential Executive Order 9066 and congressional statutes gave the military authority to exclude citizens of Japanese ancestry from areas deemed critical to national defense and potentially vulnerable to espionage. remained in San Leandro, California and violated Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34 of the U.S. Army
What is KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATES
200
was burglarizing a private home when a family member discovered him. He attempted to flee, and in doing so tripped and fell. The gun that he was carrying went off and killed a resident of the home. He was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. A jury found guilty of armed robbery and murder and sentenced him to death. On appeal, the Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence except as to its imposition for the robbery conviction.
What is Furman v. Georgia and Gregg v. Georgia
300
a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, was fired from her job after she refused to work on Saturday, the Sabbath Day of her faith. The South Carolina Employment Security Commission denied her benefits, finding unacceptable her religious justification for refusing Saturday work.
What is Sherbert v. Verner
300
In 1984, in front of the Dallas City Hall,burned an American flag as a means of protest against Reagan administration policies. was tried and convicted under law outlawing flag desecration. He was sentenced to one year in jail and assessed a $2,000 fine.
What is Texas v. Johnson
300
Member was revoked membership for his sexuality (Homosexual)
What is BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA v. DALE
300
a white resident of Michigan, applied for admission to the University of Michigan Law School. applied with a 3.8 undergraduate GPA and an LSAT score of 161. She was denied admission. The Law School admits that it uses race as a factor in making admissions decisions because it serves a "compelling interest in achieving diversity among its student body." The District Court concluded that the Law School's stated interest in achieving diversity in the student body was not a compelling one and enjoined its use of race in the admissions process. applied to the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science and the Arts with an adjusted GPA of 3.8 and ACT score of 25. In 1997, Patrick Hamacher applied to the University with an adjusted GPA of 3.0, and an ACT score of 28. Both were denied admission and attended other schools.
What is GRATZ v. BOLLINGER and Grutter v. Bollinger
300
The Court was called upon to consider the constitutionality of a number of instances, ruled on jointly, in which defendants were questioned "while in custody or otherwise deprived of [their] freedom in any significant way." In Vignera v. New York, the petitioner was questioned by police, made oral admissions, and signed an inculpatory statement all without being notified of his right to counsel. Similarly, in Westover v. United States, the petitioner was arrested by the FBI, interrogated, and made to sign statements without being notified of his right to counsel. Lastly, in California v. Stewart, local police held and interrogated the defendant for five days without notification of his right to counsel. In all these cases, suspects were questioned by police officers, detectives, or prosecuting attorneys in rooms that cut them off from the outside world. In none of the cases were suspects given warnings of their rights at the outset of their interrogation.
What is Miranda v Arizona
400
practiced the Afro-Caribbean-based religion of Santeria. Santeria used animal sacrifice as a form of worship in which an animal's carotid arteries would be cut and, except during healing and death rights, the animal would be eaten. Shortly after the announcement of the establishment of a Santeria church , the city council adopted several ordinances addressing religious sacrifice. The ordinances prohibited possession of animals for sacrifice or slaughter, with specific exemptions for state-licensed activities.
What is Church of the Lukuani Babalu Ave. v City of Hialeah
400
published a scandal sheet in Minneapolis, in which he attacked local officials, charging that they were implicated with gangsters. officials obtained an injunction to prevent from publishing his newspaper under a state law that allowed such action against periodicals. The law provided that any person "engaged in the business" of regularly publishing or circulating an "obscene, lewd, and lascivious" or a "malicious, scandalous and defamatory" newspaper or periodical was guilty of a nuisance, and could be enjoined (stopped) from further committing or maintaining the nuisance.
What is Near v. Minnesota
400
had been charged with first-degree murder. He was convicted instead of second-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. The state of Connecticut appealed and won a new trial; this time the court found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced him to death.
What is PALKO v. CONNECTICUT
400
The Idaho Probate Code specified that "males must be preferred to females" in appointing administrators of estates. After the death of their adopted son, sought to be named the administrator of their son's estate. According to the Probate Code, Cecil was appointed administrator and Sally challenged the law in court.
What is Reed v. Reed
400
was charged in a Florida state court with a felony for breaking and entering. He lacked funds and was unable to hire a lawyer to prepare his defense. When he requested the court to appoint an attorney for him, the court refused, stating that it was only obligated to appoint counsel to indigent defendants in capital cases.
What is GIDEON v. WAINWRIGHT
500
a student elected as Santa Fe High School's student council chaplain delivered a prayer, described as overtly Christian, over the public address system before each home varsity football game. District adopted a new policy, which permitted, but did not require, student-initiated and student- led prayer at all the home games and which authorized two student elections, the first to determine whether "invocations" should be delivered at games, and the second to select the spokesperson to deliver them
What is Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
500
a socialist, was arrested for distributing copies of a "left-wing manifesto" that called for the establishment of socialism through strikes and class action of any form. was convicted under a state criminal anarchy law, which punished advocating the overthrow of the government by force. At his trial, argued that since there was no resulting action flowing from the manifesto's publication, the statute penalized utterences without propensity to incitement of concrete action. The New York courts had decided that anyone who advocated the doctrine of violent revolution violated the law.
What is Gitlow v. New York
500
published a scandal sheet in Minneapolis, in which he attacked local officials, charging that they were implicated with gangsters. officials obtained an injunction to prevent from publishing his newspaper under a state law that allowed such action against periodicals. The law provided that any person "engaged in the business" of regularly publishing or circulating an "obscene, lewd, and lascivious" or a "malicious, scandalous and defamatory" newspaper or periodical was guilty of a nuisance, and could be enjoined (stopped) from further committing or maintaining the nuisance.
What is Near v Minnesota
500
a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life. After granting certiorari, the Court heard arguments twice. hint: Does the Constitution embrace a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy by abortion?
What is Rode v. Wade
500
was convicted of possessing obscene materials after an admittedly illegal police search of her home for a fugitive. She appealed her conviction on the basis of freedom of expression.
What is Mapp v ohio