Weathering
What are the two types of weathering?
Mechanical and Chemical
What is erosion?
The movement of sediments to a new location
What are 3 of the 4 soil horizons? Name all 4 for double points
O,A,B,C
Where does wind erosion typically occur? In other words what 2 conditions are necessary for wind erosion? Give an example of a location that would have wind erosion for double points
Low precipitation and little vegetation. Examples: a desert, lakeshore, or seashore
How much do glaciers cover our earth?
10%
What are two factors that play a role in mechanical weathering? Double points if you can give a specific example of each
Temperature and Pressure (Frost Wedging and Exfoliation)
What is an agent the prevents erosion from occurring? Give an example of how this agent is used for double points
vegetation (wind barrier)
What are the two ways that soil is generally made?
mechanical and chemical weathering
What are two processes of wind erosion?
Deflation and Abrasion
What are two of the three ways that glaciers shape the land? Name all three for double points
Eroding, Transporting, Depositing
What are two factors that affect chemical weathering?
Composition of rocks and temperature
What are three of the four agents of erosion? Name all four for double points
What are three of the four factors that differentiate soil types? Name all four for double points
Composition, Texture, Fertility, and Color
What are two of the three methods of wind transport? Name all three for double points
1. Moving sand in a rolling motion on the ground
2. Suspension - small particles remain in the air for long distances
3. Saltation - large particles bounce on the ground as they are transported
What are two types of glaciers?
Valley glaciers and continental glaciers
What are 3 of the 4 agents of weathering? Name all 4 for double points
water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acid precipitation
Topography (slope) and the speed of water
What are three of the four factors that determine a soil type? Name all four for double points. Name 2 soil types for triple points.
climate, plants/animals in soil, topography, and length of time soil formed. Four major types of soil: Polar, Temperate, Desert, Tropical
What are three of the four factors that affect the shape of a dune? Name all four for double points
Availability of sand, wind velocity, wind direction, amount of vegetation
What are three of the four different kinds of features left behind by glacial erosion? Name all four for double points
cirques, arete, horn, and hanging valley
What are three of the four factors that affect the rate of weathering? Double points if you can name all 4
Climate, Rock type and composition, surface area, and topography
What are two of the three agents of erosion that are not earth processes? Name all three for double points. Give an example of each for triple points
plants (cracking rocks as they grow/push soil around), animals (burrowing), and humans (mining, digging, building)
What are the four stages of soil formation (in chronological order)?
1. Bedrock breaks down due to weathering
2. Small pieces break down further due to continued weathering
3. Organisms live in broken rock pieces (fungi, bacteria, insects, plant roots, etc)
4. Organisms die and decay adding nutrients to the soil
What are three of the four types of sand dunes that exist? Name all four for double points
Barchan, Transverse, Parabolic, Longitudinal
What are three types of glacial deposits? Name four for double points
Glacial till, moraine, outwash, drumlin, esker, glacial lakes