GDV
What direction does the stomach rotate in a GDV when viewed from the surgeon's perspective?
clockwise
What is the difference between a Billroth I and a Billroth II?
Billroth I: connecting stomach to duodenum after pylorectomy
Billroth II: gastrojejunostomy after partial gastrectomy (including pylorectomy)
What type of DI should you do to identify GDV?
right lateral and DV
What should you always do when your patient splenic mass?
Send it to the pathologist because splenic hematoma and HSA are often indistinguishable
What DI technique has all but replaced barium enemas in small animal medicine?
colonoscopy
What is a common complication associated with GDV and when does it occur?
premature ventricular contractions
75% happen post op
most common cause of death with GDVs that can be prevented
What is a crucial step when examining a cat that might have a foreign body?
Check under the tongue
What layer of the stomach should you look at to indicate gastric wall viability?
seromuscular layer
NOT mucosal layer
What imaging should be performed on animals with splenic hemangiosarcoma?
echocardiogram - as many of 25% of dogs with splenic HSA may also have concurrent right atrial HSA
When should pre-op enemas be given?
No less than 3 hours pre op
What blood value is prognostic for GDV
Plasma lactate
Where is the correct location for a gastrotomy incision?
-in a hypovascular area of the ventral aspect of the stomach, between the greater and lesser curvatures
What does free abdominal air suggest?
gastric rupture
Why is acute splenic torsion life threatening?
associated with cardiovascular collapse and shock, increased likelihood of GDV, septicemia from massive bacterial overgrowth in necrotic splenic tissue, and hemoabdomen
What is a technique for enterotomy closure when the intesitnal lumen is small.
May be closed transversely
What should you do before making a gastric incision when performing a gastropexy?
make sure the incision will react the selected area of the abdominal wall
What do you identify to locate the right and left gutter?
right: mesoduodenum
left: descending colon
What recommendations would you give a client with a 6 month GSD puppy to prevent GDV?
-feed several meals each day
-avoid stress during feeding
-restrict exercise before and after meals
-do not use elevated feeding bowls
-seek veterinary care at the first sign of GDV
When performing a splenectomy by splenic artery ligation, what does the first branch off the splenic artery supply?
left limb of the pancreas
What amount of colon can be resected in dogs and cats?
Cats tolerate resection better than dogs.
Dogs can tolerate up to 70% of the colon being resected.
Cats can tolerate a subtotal colectomy (removal of 90-95% of the colon)
-male gender
-being underweight
-increasing age
-large volume feeding -eating once a day
-eating rapidly
-aerophagia
-raised feeding bowl
What three steps are taken when performing a gastrotomy to prevent contamination of the abdomen by gastric contents?
-surround with laparotomy pads
-place stay sutures to assist with manipulation
-change gloves and use sterile instrument prior to closing
What is the initial objective in the medical management of GDV?
stabilize patient
Where should you place a ligature when performing a splenectomy by splenic artery ligation?
identify the pancreatic supply coming off the splenic artery and ligate the splenic artery distal to it
Name the three components required for optimal healing following surgery on the intestines
-good blood supply
-accurate mucosal apposition
-minimal surgical trauma