Basics of Surgery
This cancer is a leading cause death amongst men and women in the US.
What is lung?
Succinylcholine is a depolarizing agent and can cause this electrolyte imbalance in patients with crush injury?
Hyperkalemia
When selecting suture material, you may recall that the higher the number, the ____ the diameter of the suture material (thicker or thinner?)
The thinner the suture, ex. 1-0 is thicker than a 3-0
An inflamed appendix is considered to have an enlarged diameter beginning at what measurement?
For Class II wounds and above, cefazolin is often used for broad-spectrum prophylaxis and requires redosing every ____ hours.
The peritoneal layer takes ___ this many days to heal after surgery
5-7 days
The purpose of this system is to assess and communicate a patient’s pre-anesthesia medical co-morbidities. It can be helpful in predicting perioperative risks.
What is the ASA Physical Status Classification System?
Zone II of the neck spans across these landmarks.
From 2 cm above the clavicle to the angle of the jaw.
Until proven otherwise, this is the likely diagnosis for an older patient with LLQ pain and fever.
C. difficile infection may be treated with what antibiotic when taken via oral administration? New guidelines limit the use of metronidazole.
What are vancomycin or fidaxomicin?
Linear calcifications may be a sign of this type of most common breast malignancy on mammography, often in the upper outer quadrant,
What is DCIS (Ductal Carcinoma in Situ)
This scoring/rating is used by anesthesia to classify the airway and oropharynx in order to best select and plan for intubation? A score of 1 is low risk for sleep apnea and predicting risks of intubation.
Healing by secondary intention allows for what process to occur?
What is granulation? (Then epithelialization, and contraction)
When running continuous renal replacement therapy, this large protein is often lost in the dialysate output and should be monitored daily (or more often).
What is albumin?
UTI is one cause of post-surgical fever. Treatment with nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in which population/complication?
What is renal disease or the elderly?
Half the total 24hr volume is given in the first 8 hours when planning resuscitation for burn victims, according to this calculation (give exact formula).
What is Parkland formula? 24hr volume of LRs = 4ml x %BSA x kg body weight
Type II HIT develops within 5-14 days after initiation of heparin, and is treated with this novel anticoagulant.
Argatroban or leparudin
In infants, this is the emergency surgical airway of choice.
What is a needle tracheotomy?
This type of hernia is most prone to incarceration and strangulation.
What is a femoral hernia?
Necrotizing fasciitis typically spreads along Scarpa's layer, appears normal on inspection, and is usually caused by these bacteria.
What are group A, beta-Hemolytic strep (ex. pyogenes) or clostridium perfringens?
Long term use of TPN is associated with what vitamin/mineral/element toxcity OR deficiency?
What is manganese toxicity?
A subclavian approach for a central line insertion is most commonly associated with what adverse outcome?
What is a pneumothorax?
How many of these units are used to divide the surgical segments of the liver?
What are 8 Couinaud segments?
What is fine needle aspiration? (Scintigraphy may also be warranted)
Post-surgical pneumonia can have to 50% mortality in the elderly. This broad bacterial class (think which type of gram stain) represents the most common cause of pneumonia in the ICU.
What are gram-negative organisms?