I am a tumor
A 60-year-old smoker presents with hematuria. What type of cancer must be ruled out first?
What is urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma?
A 40-year-old man has a painful, red, fluctuant mass on his thigh after trauma. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is an abscess?
A newborn fails to pass meconium in the first 48 hours and has abdominal distension. What condition should be suspected?
What is Hirschsprung disease?
This nerve is at risk of injury during thyroid surgery
What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
This is the substance that is found in the most common type of gallstone
What is cholesterol?
A young man presents with a painless testicular mass. Tumor markers show elevated AFP and β-hCG. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is non-seminomatous germ cell tumor?
A 42-year-old diabetic man presents with redness, warmth, and swelling of the lower leg. The area is tender to touch and he has a low-grade fever. There is no fluctuance or abscess formation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is cellulitis?
A 3-week-old infant is brought in for forceful, non-bilious vomiting after feeds. On exam, you feel an olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
This abdominal layer is most important to close securely after a laparotomy to prevent hernia
What is the fascia (specifically, the anterior rectus sheath)?
These are the three members of the charcot's triad that is suggestive of cholangitis.
What is fever, RUQ pain and jaundice? extra 300 points for raynaud's pentad for severe cholangitis
A 50-year-old woman has a firm, immobile breast mass. Biopsy shows malignant cells with HER2 overexpression. What targeted therapy is indicated?
What is trastuzumab?
A woman presents with a dark, irregular mole that recently changed in size and color. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is malignant melanoma?
A 2-month-old has intermittent abdominal pain and "currant jelly" stools. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is intussusception?
During an inguinal hernia repair, the surgeon identifies a structure traveling through the inguinal canal alongside the spermatic cord. What nerve is most at risk of injury during this procedure?
What is the ilioinguinal nerve?
This imaging study is used to evaluate the function of the gall bladder
What is HIDA scan? 400 points extra for knowing the ejection fraction below which cholecystectomy is indicated for treatment of biliary colic.
A patient presents with weight loss and jaundice. CT reveals a pancreatic head mass. Which tumor marker is most likely elevated?
What is CA 19-9?
A 45-year-old man presents with a slowly enlarging, painless mass in his thigh. MRI reveals a deep soft tissue lesion. Biopsy shows spindle-shaped cells with frequent mitoses and infiltrative borders. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is soft tissue sarcoma?
A premature neonate develops abdominal distension and bloody stools. X-ray shows pneumatosis intestinalis. What is the diagnosis?
What is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?
This anatomical landmark used to differentiate direct from indirect inguinal hernias?
What is the inferior epigastric vessels?
This is the most common surgical procedure that is used to remove a pancreatic head tumor.
What is whipple procedure? extra 400 to name 4 parts of the body that are removed in a whipple procedure.
A child presents with an abdominal mass that does not cross the midline, and labs show elevated catecholamines. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is neuroblastoma?
Name the inherited condition characterized by multiple lipomas, neurofibromas, and café-au-lait spots.
What is neurofibromatosis type 1?
A child with Down syndrome presents with bilious vomiting. X-ray shows a “double bubble” sign. What is the diagnosis?
What is duodenal atresia?
During a cholecystectomy, the surgeon identifies a triangle bounded by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and inferior edge of the liver. What is this triangle called, and what runs through it?
What is Calot’s triangle; the cystic artery runs through it.
this is the most common risk factor for developing gallbladder cancer
What is cholelithiasis? (i.e. leading to chronic or recurrent cholecystitis, leading to porcelain gallbladder, leading to cancer)