Who’s Related to Whom?
If two species share 98% of their DNA sequences but differ greatly in appearance, what type of data is considered more reliable for determining evolutionary relationships?
molecular (DNA) data?
Why can viruses not be grown on agar plates like bacteria?
because viruses require living host cells to reproduce
This supergroup includes kelp, diatoms, and water molds
Chromalveolata
This fungal group produces flagellated spores and is commonly found in aquatic environments
Chytridiomycota
Air rises at the equator and sinks around 30° latitude. What type of pressure system forms where the air descends, and how does it influence precipitation?
A high-pressure system that produces low rainfall (desert conditions)
If a trait appears in two unrelated lineages due to similar environmental pressures, what evolutionary phenomenon does this represent?
What is convergent evolution
What structural feature distinguishes Gram-positive from Gram-negative bacteria?
thickness of peptidoglycan cell wall
Why are apicomplexans considered obligate parasites?
because they require a host to complete their life cycle
A fungus that forms mutualistic root associations and produces spores in saclike fruiting bodies most likely belongs to this phylum.
Ascomycota
Why can tropical rainforests have extremely high productivity despite nutrient-poor soils?
A rapid nutrient cycling and immediate uptake by plants
If a cladogram shows species A branching off before species B and C diverge from each other, which two species are most closely related?
What are species B and C?
If a bacterium gains antibiotic resistance after exposure to a virus, what process likely occurred?
transduction
Which supergroup includes choanoflagellates and animals
Opisthokonta
Describe the features of Basidiomycota
If you observe a fungus forming a long-lived dikaryotic stage and producing a large visible fruiting body, it most likely belongs to this phylum
During summer stratification, why can fish die in deep lake waters even though surface waters remain oxygen-rich?
thermal stratification preventing oxygen mixing into the hypolimnion
What is it called when a taxonomic group excludes some descendants of a common ancestor?
paraphyletic group
A microbe lacks peptidoglycan and has branched membrane lipids. To which domain does it belong
Archaea
This supergroup includes Giardia and Trypanosoma, many of which have modified mitochondria.
Excavata
These basidiomycete plant parasites infect cereal crops like corn and wheat and cause major economic losses.
smuts and rusts
In which pelagic zone would you expect to find organisms relying on bioluminescence, and why?
the bathypelagic zone because there is no sunlight
If two species share a common ancestor 5 million years ago and a third species diverged 20 million years ago, which share the most genetic similarity and why?
the two that diverged 5 million years ago because they share a more recent common ancestor
What is the lytic cycle?
a bacteriophage causes a bacterial cell to burst after replication
What is Rhizaria
Foraminiferans and radiolarians belong to this supergroup characterized by threadlike pseudopods
These obligate intracellular parasites are considered a sister group to fungi and infect immunocompromised patients.
microsporidia
I protect nearby towns from seasonal flooding, filter pollutants naturally, and support extremely high biodiversity despite often being overlooked for development. Who am I? Give an example
wetland?
Example:
A marsh /swamp