DNA & RNA
This molecule carries genetic information
What is DNA?
This type of cell divison creates gametes
What is meiosis?
What is a mutation?
True or False: A Punnett square shows the exact, guaranteed outcome of a single genetic cross.
What is False? (Punnett squares represent probabilities rather than absolute certainties
Random changes in allele frequencies due to chance are known as this
RNA contains this sugar instead of deoxyribose
What is ribose?
Independent assortment occurs because of the random orientation of chromosomes during this stage
What is metaphase 1
A mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence is called
What is a silent mutation
If Bb x Bb, What is the chance bb offspring?
What is 25%
What are the five necessary conditions for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
What are no mutations, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size (no genetic drift), and no gene flow?
Dna is shaped like this
What is a double helix
Crossing over occurs during this phase
What is prophase I?
Insertion or deletion not in multiples of three often result in this type of mutation
What is a frameshift mutation
A cross of two purple-flowered plants yields 75% purple offspring and 25% white offspring. What are the genotypes of the parent plants?
What is (Pp) and (Pp)?
When environments are similar, distantly related lineages can independently develop similar traits. What is this process called?
What is convergent evolution?
The building blocks of DNA care called these
What are nucleotides?
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly is known as this
What is nondisjunction
A mutation that changes one amino acid in protein is called this.
What is a missense mutation
The four answers for a Punnett square are Zz, Zz, zz, zz. What are the genotypes for the parents?
What is Zz and zz
Which theory proposes that mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger host cells, and what are two pieces of evidence for it?
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory? (Evidence: both organelles have their own circular DNA, reproduce independently via binary fission, and have similar ribosomes to prokaryotes).
The enzyme that unzips DNA during replication is this
What is helicase?
Non disjunction during meiosis can lead to conditions such as this chromosomal disorder
What is down syndrome
Mutations that provide a reproductive advantage are most likely to become more common through this process
What is natural selection
Complete a punnet square for TT and tt.
What is Tt, Tt, Tt, Tt
This is a number determined by the number of living offspring of one organism compared to the average number of living offspring for that population
What is relative/evolutionary fittness?