Vet Foundations
Anatomy
Infection & Immunity
CVR Anatomy & Physiology
Pharmacology
100
This US federal agency is responsible for regulating animal biologics and the movement of live animals.
Who is USDA-APHIS?
100
This organ is special to birds, acting as the mechanical digestive portion of the GI tract.
What is the ventriculus (gizzard)?
100
This immune system relies on antigenic sensitization prior to mounting an immune response in the body and is the target of vaccination protocols.
What is the adaptive immune system?
100
This is a common side effect of severe hypotension in animals with decompensated shock, resulting in systemic coagulation and death.
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
100
Alpha-2 antagonist predominately used in horses to reverse xylazine.
What is Yohimbine?
200
These 2 methods of indirect transmission are commonly employed by insects such as mosquitoes, flies, & ticks to transmit infectious agents.
What are vector & fomites?
200
#9 separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity at the caudodorsal aspect of the oral cavity.
What is the soft palate?
200
These 2 genetic mutations can result in genetic drift of viruses.
Point & frameshift mutations.
200
The fibers of muscles of expiration are oriented in this fashion.
What is cranioventral?
200
This drug is an anti-trematodal and anti-cestodal that is prohibited to be used in food production animals.
What is Praziquantel?
300
In radiography, this parameter provides contrast to images at an inverse rate to its power.
What is kVp?
300
The lungs of these 2 species are special in that they have an additional tracheal bronchus proximal to the carina.
What are porcine and ruminant species?
300
This vaccine type induces the best cell-mediated response against intracellular pathogens but may induce abortion in pregnant animals.
What are modified-live vaccines (MLVs)?
300
These cells produce the surfactant responsible for keeping alveoli sacs open and preventing atelectasis.
What are type II pneumocytes (cells)?
300
This class of drug agonists commonly induce hypotension and bradycardia without sedation.
What are Beta agonists?
400
This germinal layer is responsible for forming the integument and nervous system in embryos.
What is the ectoderm?
400
This portion of the right ventricle separates the left and right auricles and is very smooth, reducing the turbulence of blood as it moves towards the pulmonary valve.
What is the conus arteriosus?
400
This immunodiagnostic test detects antibodies with a reagent antigen that is tagged with flurochrome.
What is indirect immunofluorescence?
400
This anatomically important vasculature can be found on VD radiographs at the approximately 1 o'clock position in dogs.
What are the pulmonary arteries?
400
This corticosteroid can be used as a bronchodilator in dogs but not cats due to differences in glucuronidation enzymes.
What is prednisone?
500
This neurotransmitter type is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter that, when activated, can induce sedation and is a target for certain analgesic medications.
What are GABA receptors?
500
This necrosis type can occur in 2 different forms due to either hypoxia/tissue ischemia or bacterial infections.
What is gangrenous necrosis?
500
This family of viruses are especially prone to mutation due to their use of negative-sense RNA and lack of proof-reading.
What is orthomyoxiviridae?
500
This effect is induced by acidic blood pH, decreasing oxygen's affinity to RBC hemoglobin and increasing oxygen release at the level of the tissues.
What is the Bohr effect?
500
This respiratory drug can be used in horses, dogs, and cats but is considered illegal by many equine sport authorities limiting its use in sport horses.
What is Theophylline?