Background
In what year was Brown v. Board of Education decided?
1954
In what year was Swann v. Charlotte decided?
1971
How did this case affect other cities?
It encouraged similar busing programs
How did many Black students travel to school before the ruling?
They attended faraway segregated schools
What problem did Charlotte face before the Swann case?
school segregation
What did the Supreme Court rule?
It supported busing to integrate schools
What was one negative reaction to the decision?
Resistance and protests in some communities
In which state did this case take place?
North Carolina
What movement influenced this case?
The Civil Rights Movement
What was the Court’s decision?
Unanimous, 9-0 in favor of integration
What problem resurfaced years later?
School segregation due to urban migration
How many years after Brown v. Board was Swann decided?
17 years
Who was James Swann?
A parent who sued for school integration
Who was the defendant in this case?
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
How did this case influence future education policies?
It set a precedent for school integration efforts
What other city implemented busing after the ruling?
Boston
What right was protected in this case?
Equal education under the 14th Amendment
Why was busing necessary?
To achieve effective school integration
Who was the U.S. President in 1971?
Richard Nixon
What was an unexpected effect of forced integration?
Some white families moved to suburbs to avoid it