Misc.
Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
What is language?
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.
What is heritability?
The division of the nervous system calms the body after an emergency has passed.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
A response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.
What is emotion?
An event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows
What is punishment?
A type of practice that can produce a speedy short-term learning and a feeling of confidence, but is associated with quick forgetfulness.
What is massed practice (cramming)?
The tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
What is overconfidence?
A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life.
What is intellectual disability?
The aspect of communication that can provide nonverbal information about one's culture.
What are facial expressions?
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.
What is shaping?
Make the material meaningful, Use mnemonic devices, Minimize interference, and sleep well.
What are some strategies to improve memory?
Encodes on an elementary level, such as a word’s letters or, at a more intermediate level, a word’s sound.
What is shallow processing?
Our fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts
What is intuition?
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
What is an incentive?
In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
What is discrimination?
A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.
What is extrinsic motivation?
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
What is savant syndrome?
A type of learning in which higher animals, especially humans, learn without direct experience, by watching and imitating others.
The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
What is modeling?
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
What is effortful processing?
Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection.
What is an implicit memory?
Or What is a non declarative memory?
The type of memory that is processed in hippocampus and frontal lobes.
What is explicit memory?
The memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know.
What is explicit memory?
Or what is declarative memory?
The type of memory that is processed in cerebellum and basal ganglia.
What is an implicit memory?
Our tendency to recall best the last (recency effect) and first (primacy effect) items in a list.
What is the serial position effect?