Sounds
44
phoneme
What is the smallest unit of spoken sound?
Word parts with a single vowel sound pronounced as a unit
What are syllables?
Word reading (decoding) X Language Comprehension = _____________
What is reading comprehension?
ability to recognize and decode words correctly
What is accuracy?
A, E, I, O, U & sometimes W, Y
grapheme
What is a letter or group of letters representing a single phoneme?
closed, open, silent e, r-controlled, vowel team, consonant -le
What are the six syllable types?
phonological awareness, decoding, & orthographic mapping
What are the skills essential to decoding (word reading)?
the speed at which you read (per minute)
What is fluency or rate?
ch, sh, wh, th, ng, ck
What are digraphs (consonant)?
(2 letters that make one sound)
What you teach and when you teach it; simple to complex instruction which builds logically
What is systematic instruction?
2 kit/ten (vc/cv pattern)
vocabulary, background knowledge, language structure, literacy knowledge, & verbal reasoning
What are the skills essential for language comprehension?
What is prosody?
bl, sl, pl, fl, gl, cr, dr, nd
What are blends?
(2 or 3 consonants that make one sound, but still retain their individual sounds)
What is explicit instruction?
Divide into syllables: ruin
ru/in
summarizing, sequencing, inferencing, comparing/contrasting, & drawing conclusions
What are the skills essential for reading comprehension?
True or False: Fluency and comprehension have a reciprocal effect?
True
ew, ee, ea, at, ay, oa, ow, oe
What are digraphs (long vowel)?
(2 letters that make one sound)
The cognitive process allowing readers to connect the sounds of words (phonemes) to their written form (graphemes) and store them in memory for instant recognition.
What is orthographic mapping?
Do all syllabic divisions follow the rules exactly?
No. Generalizations must be taught.
phonological processing, meaning processing, context processing, orthographic processing
What are the four brain processes essential to reading comprehension?
True or False: Students in upper elementary grades demonstrating low fluency and/or accuracy skills should never be given diagnostic assessments for phonemic awareness skills?
False