Digestive System - Anatomy
What is the main purpose of digestion?
The transformation of food into nutrients that cells can absorb.
Where is most of the water from food absorbed during digestion?
In the large intestine
The associated musculature of the respiratory system includes the intercostal muscles and...
The diaphragm
The air we exhale contains no oxygen, true or false?
False, it contains around 16% oxygen
What is the main function of blood?
The transport of substances throughout the body.
The tube which is common to both the digestive and respiratory systems is known as...
The pharynx
Bile is stored in the gallbladder, but where is it produced and what is it for?
It is produced in the liver and it emulsifies fats.
What are the three levels of division of the lower respiratory tract beyond the trachea and inside the lungs?
Bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
The physical process by which gaseous exchange occurs in the alveoli is known as...
Diffusion
What is the reason for the red color of blood?
The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes (red blood cells)
What are the gastric glands responsible for and what type of gland are they?
They are integrated glands that produce gastric juice.
What are digestive enzymes?
Proteins produced by glands which accelerate the breakdown of complex molecules.
What is the epiglottis?
A cartilage sheet that covers the entrance of the larynx.
Which characteristics of alveoli allow for diffusion to happen effectively?
Their membrane is very thin and their subdivisions generate a large surface area.
Which cell types do we find in blood?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes (these are cell fragments but they still count!)
The name of the mixing and displacement of food done by muscles during mechanical digestion.
Peristalsis
What is the difference between gastritis and gastroenteritis?
Gastritis is the inflamation of the stomach, while gastroenteritis is the inflamation of the small intestine.
Which part of the respiratory sytem do infections like influenza or the common cold affect?
The upper respiratory tract
Name three harmful substances found in tobacco.
Three of the following: tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, arsenic, ammonia, methane.
Can an AB+ donor give blood to an 0- receiver? Why?
No, because the 0- receiver generates antibodies for all antigens present in the AB+ blood.
The three levels of folding of the small intestine are...
1. Intestinal folds, 2. intestinal hairiness or villi and 3. microvilli
Which condition might make you look like a Simpsons character?
Jaundice (an excess of bilirubin due to liver failure)
Why is it important to breathe through the nose?
Because the nose cavities, hairs and mucus filter, moisten and warm the air we breathe.
Where in the body and the respiratory system would we see a case of pleuritis?
In the pleurae, the membranes that cover the lungs.
Describe the process of coagulation.
1. Injury triggers coagulation factors
2. Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow and platelets produce a clot
3. Fibrinogen forms fibrin nets which consolidate the clot.