Advanced Biology
During aerobic respiration, this cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix to produce electron carriers.
What is the Krebs Cycle?
This is the gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released.
What is a Synapse?
This landmark UK Act, passed in 2006, introduced the "Duty of Care" for all animal owners.
What is the Animal Welfare Act 2006?
This acronym refers to the regulations governing the safe handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals.
What is COSHH? (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health).
This type of digestive system is found in animals like dogs and cats, featuring a single-chambered stomach.
What is Monogastric?
This is the specific enzyme responsible for "unzipping" the DNA double helix during replication.
What is DNA Helicase?
This "master gland" at the base of the brain regulates many other endocrine glands.
What is the Pituitary Gland?
These are the "Five" specific standards of care that every owner must provide.
What are the Five Freedoms?
This legal requirement compels employers to report serious workplace accidents, occupational diseases, and "near misses."
What is RIDDOR? (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations).
These four compartments make up the stomach of a ruminant: the Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, and this "true stomach."
What is the Abomasum?
In the absence of oxygen, muscle cells produce this by-product to allow glycolysis to continue.
What is Lactate? (Also accept Lactic Acid).
This fatty layer insulates axons to increase the speed of electrical impulse transmission
What is the Myelin Sheath?
This 1986 Act regulates the use of protected animals in scientific experiments and testing.
What is the Animals Scientific Procedures Act? (ASPA)
This five-step process is used to identify potential hazards and implement measures to minimize the likelihood of harm.
What is a Risk Assessment?
This is the muscular contraction and relaxation of the digestive tract that pushes food along the gut.
What is Peristalsis?
This is the process where cartilage is gradually replaced by bone minerals during growth and development.
What is Ossification?
This specific hormone is released by the adrenal glands during a "fight or flight" response.
What is Adrenaline?
This specific piece of legislation governs the international trade of endangered species to ensure their survival isn't threatened.
What is CITES? (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species).
This specific piece of equipment (e.g., gloves, masks, steel-toe boots) is considered the "last line of defense" in the hierarchy of controls.
What is PPE? (Personal Protective Equipment).
Animals like rabbits and horses use this enlarged organ to ferment cellulose, despite not being ruminants.
What is the Caecum?
These are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
What are Nephrons?
This is the rapid change in membrane potential that travels along an axon.
What is an Action Potential?
Under the Animal Welfare Act 2006, this specific legal power allows an inspector to take possession of an animal if they believe it is likely to suffer if its circumstances do not change.
What is a Section 18 power? (Also accept Seizure or Emergency Intervention).
This 1974 Act serves as the primary "umbrella" legislation for all workplace safety in Great Britain.
What is the Health and Safety at Work Act?
This term refers to the process of a ruminant regurgitating and re-chewing its food to further break down plant fibers.
What is Rumination?