Marine Bio
Intro
Intro
The three systems that makeup marine ecosystems are...
Physical, chemical, and biological systems
What are the 2 main types of Earth's crust?
Oceanic and Continental
2 main types of plankton found in marine ecosystems are...
Phytoplankton and Zooplankton
Long silt roots that grow in deep water are a feature of what kind of mangroves?
Red mangroves
True or false: Ridge to reef protects ecosystems from mountain ridges to coral reefs.
True
The typical pH of seawater is...
8.1
What drives surface ocean currents?
Wind and the Coriolis effect
____% of the world's oxygen is produced by plankton
50
True or false: Seagrasses are the only type of plant that grows submerged in salt water and produces flowers and fruits.
True
Indigenous communities make up ____% of island and coastal communities.
40
What is the average salinity of ocean water?
about 35 parts per thousand
About ___ % of energy transfers from one trophic level to the next.
10
Predation, competition, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, herbivory, amensalism, neutralism, facilitation.
What is desiccation?
Drying out of organisms exposed to air that can result in damage or death
What are some challenges that indigenous communities and coral reefs face?
Reef loss and degradation, erasure of indigenous voices, overexploitation of indigenous communities and resources, displacement of indigenous communities, lack of government support and funding, limited sustainable practices
What process increases ocean productivity and how?
Upwelling, brings nutrient-rich water to the surface
True or false: Oceanic crust is thicker but denser causing it sink lower.
If false, fix it.
True or false: The term for the larvae of organisms such as coral, crabs, and fish that are only temporarily plankton is meroplankton.
True
The area between the highest tide and the lowest tide is called...
The intertidal zone
Why are indigenous voices important to the existence of coral reefs?
Have learned how to successfully nurture and protect environments and have obtained thousands of years of passed down knowledge and customs.
How much does pressure increase as depth increases in the ocean?
1 atmosphere for every 10 meters of depth
Define Thermohaline circulation.
Circulation process driven by differences in water temperature and salinity that moves nutrients and energy throughout ocean.
What are the levels of ecological organization?
Individuals -> populations -> communities -> ecosystems
The special root structures of black mangroves are called what? What do they look like and what is their function?
Pneumatophores; Spike like appearance; absorbs oxygen
2 Examples of traditional ecological knowledge are...
Fish behaviors, coral health signs, fishing limits, and sustainable harvesting