Leaf it Alone
What are hormones?
Chemicals that control growth, development and responses.
Give an example of an animal that experiences metamorphosis.
Answers may include caterpillars, frogs, crayfish, etc.
What are the two things that influence the factors for an organism’s growth? Give an example.
Genetics and the environment. For example, inherited traits or sunlight.
What is chlorophyll?
A green pigment plants use to absorb light.
What is auxin?
A plant hormone that speeds up the rate at which plant cells grow, and controls a plant’s response to light.
What are amniotic eggs? What are they covered with?
They are the eggs of land vertebrates. They are covered with membranes and a leathery shell.
Why did living things change over time? Give an example.
To increase their odds for survival. For example, vines grow in response to their environment (around large trees to access sunlight).
What is dormancy? What does it help plants do? Describe a sign of dormancy.
Dormancy is a period when an organism’s growth or activity slows or stops. It helps plants survive harsh conditions like freezing temperatures or lack of liquid. Example: leaves fall off.
What is tropism?
A plant’s growth response to a stimulus (either towards or away from)
Give examples of embryos that develop inside an egg within the parent’s body. Explain how the embryo gets its nutrients.
Some fish, amphibians and reptiles. The embryo gets nutrients from the yolk.
How do environmental conditions affect the growth and development of an organism? Explain with examples.
Poor conditions like little access to resources, small space, exposure to diseases and parasites can limit growth. Example: goldfish stay small in tiny bowls.
What is gravitropism? Give examples of positive and negative gravitropism.
Growth in response to gravity. Roots growing down are positive; stems growing up are negative.
What are the three stimuli that trigger tropism in plants?
Light, gravity and touch.
How do placental mammals’ embryos get their nutrients?
Through the placenta from the mother.
How do genes affect the growth and development of organisms?
Genes control inherited traits and growth patterns.
What is phototropism? Give an example.
Growth in response to light. Example: a plant bending toward sunlight.
What is thigmotropism? Give an example.
A plant’s growth response to touch. For example, vines wrapping around objects.
What is metamorphosis?
Major body changes during development.
How do hormones affect the growth and development of organisms?
Hormones regulate growth and development.
If plants cannot move from place to place, why are responses like phototropism and gravitropism important for survival?
Phototropism and gravitropism help plants survive because plants cannot move to find what they need. Phototropism helps stems grow toward sunlight so the plant can make food. Gravitropism helps roots grow downward to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
Describe three types of stimuli that cause plants to exhibit tropism.
Touch, gravity and light.
How does offspring development in egg-laying animals and placental animals differ?
In egg laying animals, the embryo develops inside an egg, outside the parent's body. It gets nutrients from the egg.
In placental mammals, the embryo develops inside the mother's body, which supplies it with nutrients.
Why might soil have an effect on plant growth?
Soil contains nutrients that plants need. If the soil is weak in nutrients, the plant may not grow to a healthy size.
What causes plants to bloom in different seasons?
Length of nighttime, some plants will bloom when nights are short, others will bloom when nights are long.
Give two synonyms for the word essential.
Necessary, important.
What kind of organisms lay eggs? Where do these types of embryos get their nutrients?
Many fish, reptiles, birds and invertebrates lay eggs. Their embryos get nutrients from the contents of the egg/the yolk.
Describe two conditions that limit the growth of plants.
Lack of sunlight, water, nutrients, or space.
Compare animals that undergo metamorphosis to animals whose young look like small adults.
Animals with metamorphosis go through major body changes, while others stay similar as they grow.