Predator/prey Relationships
A relationship in which both species are mutually benefited
Mutualism
A cold, treeless plain, typically found in high-latitude regions, characterized by low temperatures, short growing seasons, and permafrost
Tundra
An organism that makes its own food using energy from the sun
Producers
The process where a liquid changes into a gas or vapor
Evaporation
Any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids
Freshwater
The most common type of predation where the predator kills the prey and feeds on its flesh
Carnivore
A moist subarctic forest dominated by conifers (such as spruce and fir) that begins where the tundra ends
Taiga
An organism that feeds directly on primary producers
Primary Consumer
The process where a gas changes into a liquid, often due to cooling
Condensation
Areas where the soil is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, supporting specific plants and soils adapted to these wet conditions
Wetlands
A relationship between the two living species in which one organism is benefited at the expense of the other
Parasitism
A tropical or subtropical grassland containing scattered trees and drought-resistant undergrowth
Savanna
The top of the food chain, with no natural predators
Apex Predators
Water falling from the sky as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
Precipitation
A water passage where the tide meets a river current
Estuary
A relationship where multiple individuals, whether of the same or different species, struggle for the same limited resources, such as food, water, or space
Competition
Expansive, open areas dominated by grass and wildflowers, with few trees
Temperate Grassland
Breaks down dead organisms and waste, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Decomposers
The flow of water across the land surface, typically occurring when precipitation or snowmelt cannot be absorbed by the soil
An underwater ecosystem formed by colonies of tiny marine animals
Coral Reef
A relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm
Commensalism
A dense, warm, and wet forest biome typically found near the equator
Tropical Rainforest
An animal that eats secondary consumers in a food chain, often occupying the top of the food chain
Tertiary Consumer
Water beneath the Earth's surface, stored within and flowing through layers of soil, sand, and rock
Groundwater
The ecological region at the bottom of a body of water, including the seabed and the surrounding sediment layers
Benthic zone