POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
Believes in individual freedoms, democracy, free markets (with some regulation), and protecting civil rights. Think of supporting personal choice, voting rights, and a balance between government help and free enterprise.
Liberalism
In 2023, the Supreme Court banned this admissions practice that considered race to promote diversity on college campuses.
What is Title IX or Affirmative Action?
The study of right and wrong, good and bad behavior.
What is ethics (or moral philosophy)?
the practice of speaking extremely fast in a debate to present as many arguments as possible
what is spreading?
New York allows this practice starting 10 days before Election Day, helping busy students avoid long lines.
What is Early Voting?
Values tradition, gradual change rather than rapid reform, free market economics, strong national defense, and preserving established institutions. Emphasizes personal responsibility and limited government intervention.
Conservatism
Estimates of the U.S. housing shortage vary wildly among experts. According to recent analyses from major financial institutions and research organizations, what is the RANGE of estimated housing shortage?
A) 500,000 to 1.5 million homes
B) 2 million to 8 million homes
C) 10 million to 15 million homes
D) 2 million to 20 million home
D) 2 million to 20 million homes
"The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others."
what is Mill's harm principle?
the ability to engage with and challenge opposing arguments effectively
What is clash?
NYC became the first US city to implement this policy charging drivers to enter lower Manhattan to reduce traffic.
What is congestion pricing?
Emphasizes loyalty to one's nation and its interests above international concerns. Supports strong borders, national sovereignty, and policies that prioritize citizens over outsiders. Can range from mild patriotism to extreme forms.
Nationalism
The Super Bowl was recently played between the Patriots and this Pacific Northwest team.
Who are the Seattle Seahawks?
an ethical theory that uses rules to discern the moral course of action.
what is deontology?
These 1858 debates between A___ L___ and S____ D____ in Illinois over slavery and popular sovereignty made L___ a national figure, though he lost the Senate race.
What are the Lincoln-Douglas Debates?
The Format:
NYC's status as this type of city limits cooperation with Trump's immigration enforcement, risking federal funding.
What is a sanctuary city?
Prioritizes individual liberty above all, wanting minimal government involvement in both economic and personal life. Opposes most taxation and regulation, believing free markets and individual choice solve most problems better than government.
Libertarianism
France announced it would open a consulate in this territory in February 2026, rejecting U.S. attempts to acquire it
What is Greenland?
This ethical theory, associated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, judges the morality of actions based on whether they maximize overall happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people.
What is utilitarianism?
Debate team of Baruch follows this debate format
What is IPDA? (International Public Debate Association)
Debate team of Baruch president
who is Adhanna?
Seeks to abolish all hierarchical authority and the state itself, believing people can organize society through voluntary cooperation and mutual aid without government. Has both left-wing (anarcho-communism) and right-wing (anarcho-capitalism) variants.
Anarchism
This government agency froze child care funding to all 50 states in January 2026, citing fraud concerns.
What is HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)?
"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law."
the obligation placed on a party in a debate to provide sufficient evidence and arguments to support their position
what is burden of proof?
an official local government body that serves as an advisory group representing the interests of a specific district. There are 59 of these groups across the boroughs.
What are community boards?