Terminology
This term means “to hide” and can apply to both mim and nun.
ikhfa'
Sometimes I’m thick and sometimes I’m thin. The way you pronounce me depends on the shape of your lips.
ra
ر
أَلسِنَة
Pronounce the lam normally (alsinah), this is not a case of a sun letter; we don’t have al + a word; the lam is part of the word itself
٨ vs ٧
Left: eight
Right: seven
This is the characteristic nasal sound of letters whose sounds come entirely through your nose. You might find it hard to make this sound if your nose is stuffed!
ghunnah
Sometimes I’m thick and sometimes I’m thin. The only time I’m thick is if I’m in God’s name and the word before me ends in a fathah or dhammah.
lam
ل
قِنوَان
qinwan (no idgham, this is in the middle of a word)
٢ vs ٦
Right: Six
Left: Two
This term means to bounce and is also used in Du’a Kumayl to describe a person tossed between the levels of hellfire.
qalqalah
I can be pronounced with idhhar, idgham, and ikhfa’ but I am not nun.
mim
م
بَصِیرْ
ra should be thin, lips should be smiling at the end of the word, not puckered up
أ vs اؐ
Left: hamzat al-wasl; if there is a word in front of it, it connects and is not pronounced
Right: hamzat al-qat’; is always pronounced
This term can be divided into two subcategories: partial and full.
idgham
I come in two forms. In one of them, I might be silent sometimes.
hamzah (referring to hamzat al-wasl and hamzat al-qat’)
یَوْمَ ھُم بَارِزُونَ
Make sure your lips hover on the mim and do not meet until you say the ba
follow this link and ask the difference between the tanwin symbols on the left vs the tanwin symbols on the right
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTN2EbC0ZTTAQea0u4oN2kHarMrUhYqdkfg_g&s
Left: a sign that you must do ikhfa’ or idgham
Right: a sign that you must do idhhar
If you pronounce ra with this quality, you’ll probably find yourself smiling.
tarqīq
I am known as the enemy of non-Arabs because of how difficult I am to pronounce.
ḍāḍ
ض
خَیْرََا الْوَصِیَّةُ
khayran-il-wasiyyatu
(example of nun al-qutniyyah)
مـ vs م
Right (short tail): means that you must pause there.
Left (long tail): a clue that you must do iqlab.