Charles Darwin & Evolution (Ch. 15)
Charles Darwin described evolution as this three-word phrase
Descent with modification
The total collection of all alleles of all genes in all individuals in a population
Gene flow
This is the movement of alleles between populations, such as when animals migrate
Gene Flow
The two-part naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Binomial Nomenclature
These are structures that are similar in different species because of common ancestry
Homologous structures
This French scientist proposed the incorrect idea of the "inheritance of acquired characteristics"
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
A population where allele frequencies do not change over time in this state
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated and form a new population
Founder Effect
The list of classification categories from most general to most specific
Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species
Historical remnants of structures that served a function in an ancestor but are no longer useful
Vestigial structures
Inherited characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction in specific environments
Adaptations
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, (p2 +2pq+q2=1), this term represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype.
The "q2"
This type of natural selection eliminates extreme phenotypes and conserves the average
Stabilizing Selection
A branching diagram used to represent a hypothesis about evolutionary history
Phylogenetic Tree
Similarities in species that develop due to convergent evolution rather than shared ancestry
Analogies/ Analogous structures
The belief that periods of catastrophic extinctions occurred, often used to explain the fossil record
Catastrophism
This Hardy-Weinberg condition requires that individuals selecting mates do not bias their choice by genotype
Random Mating
Selection that occurs when two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over the intermediate
Disruptive Selection
This principle in cladistics states that the simplest solution in the optimal solution
Parsimony
These fossils bear resemblance to two different groups that are currently classified sperately
Transitional fossils
The intentional breeding of certain traits to produce a desirable outcome
Artificial Selection
The specific type of genetic drift when a natural disaster causes a significant loss of genetic diversity.
Bottleneck Effect
This hypothesis suggests females choose mates based on traits that improve offspring survival chances
Good Genes Hypothesis
A group consisting of a common ancestor and all of its descendant lineages
Clade
This is the study of the geographic distributions of species across the Earth
Biogeography