Anatomy/Physiology
This is the part of the skull that encloses the brain. .
What is the cranium?
This is the biggest cause of mortality resulting from trauma.
What is severe head injury?
Anatomical position meaning 'located at the front'.
What is anterior?
Administer ___ L/min Oxygen by NRB to any patient breathing normally but suffering from a head injury.
What is 15?
A Subdural Hematoma may go unnoticed in these people due to brain shrinkage and more subdural space.
What is the elderly?
This is a mass of skin, fascia, and muscular tissue that is loosely attached to the head.
What is the scalp?
The most common cause of traumatic blunt injury or closed injury.
What are automobile and motorcycle accidents?
Anatomical meaning of "located at the sides".
What is Lateral?
Inadequate ____ delivery to the injured brain can be much more devastating that inadequate ____ delivery to the healthy brain. This means that indirect injuries such hypoxia and hypotension can be extremely damaging to the patient, even as much as elevated ICP.
What is Oxygen?
in order for a patient to qualify as having a TBI, one or more of the following must have occurred:
What is consciousness?
Bones located on the sides of the cranium anterior to the ears .
What are the Temporal bones?
Type of scalp injury in which a blow to the scalp results in a tearing of a flap of the scalp loose.
What is an avulsion?
Part of the brain responsible for advanced motor control, as well as balance.
What is the cerebellum?
What is brain injury?
A sign of this serious fracture at the base of the skull is "battle's sign" and/or "raccoon eyes". Not usually very visible prehospital.
What is Basilar Skull Fracture?
Made up of three layers of tissue, these are located between the brain and cranium, as well as between the spinal cord and spinal column.
What are meninges?
Direct (primary) injuries to the brain are classified in two categories:
What is contrecoup?
The Medulla Oblongata, at the top of the spinal cord, is responsible for heart rate, breathing, and ____.
What is blood pressure?
After checking airway and breathing, begin monitoring the patient's _____. Check to see if the pulse is present. If it is, check to see if it is too fast or too slow and if it is strong or weak. A pulse that is slow but strong can be an early sign of increasing ICP.
What is circulation?
The halo test is best performed on fluid leaking from the ___, as nasal fluid and saliva can produce a result similar to that of cerebrospinal fluid.
What is the ear?
A fluid generated by the brain and is made up of water, protein, and salts. This fluid absorbs some shock from the forces of minor acceleration and deceleration.
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
Intracranial ___ is bleeding into the cranial vault. The patient with this type of bleeding will likely deteriorate quickly during prehospital assessment and care.
What is hemorrhage?
Cerebral ___ often occur opposite the side of impact (contrecoup) and often result in prolonged confusion and personality changes. These injuries occur in a large number of moderate head injuries and approximately 20-30% of critical brain injuries.
What are Contusions?
Consider rapid ____ any time you see symptoms of pathology within the cranium.
What is transport?
If the skull does suffer a fracture, it will likely be a ___ skull fracture, the most common type of skull fracture, which refers to a small crack to the cranium. This type of injury rarely poses a serious threat to the patient unless there are intracranial injuries in addition to the fracture.
What is Linear?