the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace
Mecca or Makkah
An English queen, daughter of King Henry and Catherine, who strongly opposed Protestantism and burned over 300 Protestants at the stak
Bloody Mary
Chief military commander in Japan
Shogun
Started the Anglican Church because he wasn't granted a divorce and was excommunicated by the Pope
King Henry VIII
could own land and buy freedom
Aztec Slaves
English Queen and politique who united Protestants and Catholics through compromise
Elizabeth I
The most important church in Constantinople, built by Justinian
Hagia Sophia
The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions.
Spanish Colonization
led two successful invasions of France, cheering his outnumbered troops to victory at the 1415 Battle of Agincourt and eventually securing full control of the French throne.
Henry V
A Japanese religion whose followers believe that all things in the natural world are filled with divine spirits
Shinto
Religious community where Christians called monks gave up their possessions and devoted their lives to serving Go
Monasteries
An instrument used to measure air pressure
Barometer
Everyday language of ordinary people
Vernacular
Largest land empire in the history of the world, spanning from Eastern Europe across Asia, founded by Genghis Khan
Mongol Empire
disease spread from Asia to Europe through trade
Black Death/Bubonic Plague
the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 at Runnymede,
Magna Carta
A Chinese philosopher known also as Kong Fuzi and created one of the most influential philosophies in Chinese history
Confucius
The two most important inventions from the Scientific Revolution one sees things far away and one sees things close up
Telescope and microscope
happened because of the need of merchants to secure funds at distant trade centers, especially between Rome and Antwerp
Growth of Banking
The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire, and its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine
Byzantine Empire
A member of a caste among the people of Western Africa who kept an oral history of their tribe
Griot
Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
Jesuits
Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. or at least his crew did
The epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of Western Europe
The Black Death
"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome
Renaissance