Gray and White Matter
Why do the cells appear gray? (Page 15)
absence of myelin
What structures make up the largest part of the brain? (Page 38)
The cerebral hemispheres
What structure regulates body temperature, water and food intake, sugar, metabolism, sexual behavior, and emotional state? (PPT 1 Slide 63)
The corticospinal tract originates in the ____________. (Page 23)
motor cortex
The corticobulbar tract originates in the ____________. (Page 23)
motor cortex
White matter is white because of the white appearance of the ___________ substance surrounding many of the axons. (Page 15)
myelin lipid
What structure separate the cerebral hemispheres? (Page 38)
The longitudinal fissure
What structure allows for sharing of information between the two hemispheres of the cerebrum? (Page 49)
Corpus Callosum
The corticospinal tract terminates in the _____________. (Page 23)
spinal cord
The corticobulbar tract terminates in the _____________. (Page 23)
bulbar area
What structures consist of a surface area of gray matter and a medullary core of white matter? (Page 63)
cerebellar lobes
What are the 4 lobes within the cerebral hemispheres? (Page 39)
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal Lobes
What are the functions of the basal ganglia? (Page 16)
Regulation of muscle tone, adjustment of automatic movements, and suppression of extraneous movements.
What pathway do the motor fibers form after they cross the midline? (Page 61)
The lateral corticospinal tract- a motor pathway of the spinal cord
The corticobulbar tract contains ___________ efferent projections from the motor cortex cross the midline to innervate contralateral cranial nerve and spinal output motor nuclei. (Page 349)
short
The cerebral cortex of the cerebrum contains a 3-5 c.m. thick layer of neurons made of _____________ over the hemispheres. (PPT 1 Side 30)
gray matter
Broca proposed in 1861 that speaking is controlled by the ________ lobe in the left hemisphere of the brain. (Page 1)
frontal
The midbrain controls auditory reflexes and reflexive eye and head movements to respond to external stimuli such as: (PPT 1 Slide 67)
loud noises and bright lights
What is the term which is synonymous with the corticospinal tract? (Page 97)
Pyramidal tract
What is another term to reference corticobulbar tract? (Page 328)
corticonuclear tract
What may a bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation with a preserved sense of touch in the same limbs suggest?(Page 30)
All functionally specific primary sensory and motor regions in the cerebrum are connected through association and ___________________. (Page 7)
commissural fibers
The thalamus channels sensory projections of pain, taste, temperature, audition, and vision information from lower levels of the nervous system to _______________. (PPT 1 Slide 62)
cortical areas
The base of the pons also contains descending corticospinal fibers, which form the medullary pyramids in the medulla and continue in the ___________. (Page 59)
spinal cord
The genu of the internal capsule is the site for the corticobulbar fibers that descend to innervate the CN nuclei and play an important role in what processes? (Page 73)
motor speech processes