Carbs
How does glucose get into an enterocyte?
It uses a sodium-glucose co-transporter
Absorption occurs in what two areas?
Duodenum & lumen of jejunum
What kind of digestion takes place first, in the oral cavity?
Mechanical
A patient has a defect in the GLUT-5 transporter. Which simple sugar will be least efficiently absorbed into the enterocyte, and what is the consequence?
Fructose; it will remain in the lumen and draw water osmotically.
Protein uses what methods of transport?
CO-Transport and facilitated diffusion
After passing through the stomach, what is released from the pancreas to help chemically break down the lipid?
Lipase Bile
Glucose travels through the hepatic portal and into the liver. What does glucose convert to in the liver?
Glycogen
Protein is absorbed in the form of?
Amino acids
What kind of cells are broken down from a fat droplet?
Micelles
Pancreatic amylase is released into the duodenum to continue carbohydrate digestion. If this enzyme were absent, which downstream effect on simple sugar absorption would be most likely?
Very few monosaccharides would reach the enterocytes, reducing sodium-glucose co-transporters.
Pepsinogen is transformed into pepsin by what?
HCl
Where do bile salts act on fat droplets to produce micelles?
Jejunum
Why is carbohydrate digestion minimal in the stomach despite the presence of HCl?
HCl denatures salivary amylase, stopping most carbohydrate digestion until the chyme reaches the small intestine
Additional enzymes used to digest proteins are?
Proteases, proteolytic, peptidases
After passing the jejunum, where are these bile salts recycled in the body?
Ileum