Endocrinology
This should be your initial treatment in a patient with hyperprolactinemia and hypothyroidism.
What is correction of the hypothyroidism and retest serum prolactin levels.
This thiazide-like diuretic is recommended over HCTZ for patients with hypertension.
What is chlorthalidone?
(would also accept indapamide per up-to-date).
This condition is defined as airway dilation seen on imaging and is a risk factor for NTM and pseudomonas infection.
What is bronchiectasis?
This is how you calculate insulin dosing for a patient based on weight.
What is:
wt(lbs) x 0.25
wt(kg) x 0.55
with 40-50% basal and 50-60% bolus
These are the urine albumin-creatinine thresholds for albuminuria and risk of progression in CKD.
What is A1: <30, A2 30-300, A3 >300 mg/g
These are three possible causes of thyrotoxicosis in pregnant persons.
These are three possible causes of thyrotoxicosis in pregnant persons.
These are three possible causes of thyrotoxicosis in pregnant persons.
These are three possible causes of thyrotoxicosis in pregnant persons.
...
What are HCG-mediated hyperthyroidism, graves disease, and thyroiditis.
Patients with ESRD and hypertension should be treated based on this metric.
What is blood pressure on non-dialysis days.
Reduction in cardiac and vascular events only gained from controlled BP on non-dialysis days. Hold antihypertensive medications on HD days if patient has hypotension.
Development of this condition is an indication to stop montelukast therapy.
What is MDD or suicidality?
This is the eGFR cutoff for initiation of an SGLT2i in patients with T2D and CKD based on 2022 KDIGO guidelines.
What is eGFR >=20.
Note: once started, it is reasonable to continue even once eGFR falls below 20.
This "treatment" has the potential to reduce and even resolve fibrosis in MASLD/NAFLD patients.
What is weight loss?
Presence of any of these qualifiers with existing hypertension warrants evaluation for primary hyperaldosteronism in a patient with an adrenal mass.
What is:
sustained hypertension of >150/100 mm Hg on three separate measurements
resistant hypertension (uncontrolled hypertension on a three-drug regimen inclusive of a diuretic)
controlled blood pressure on four or more antihypertensives (one of which is a diuretic)
hypokalemia (either spontaneous or diuretic induced)
an incidentally discovered adrenal mass
a family history of early-onset hypertension or stroke at age <40 years
?
This is the correct treatment and duration of treatment for an LV thrombus complicating an acute MI.
This "therapy" can slow the decline of FEV1 AND decrease mortality from COPD.
What is smoking cessation?
These are the two thresholds where SGLT2i start to lose glucose-lowering effects.
What are GFR <60 (attenuated) and GFR <30 (minimal).
What is liver biopsy?
Note: Patients with elevated liver chemistries, a negative serologic evaluation for alternative causes, clinical features of the metabolic syndrome, and characteristic abdominal imaging are presumed to have MASLD
This should be monitored regularly in FTM transgender patients on testosterone.
In patients with HFrEF and severe mitral valve regurgitation, this is the correct treatment.
What is GDMT?
This treatment shows improved QoL for patients with upper-lobe-predominant emphysema, FEV1 and DLCO of 20% of predicted or higher, and low exercise tolerance after completion of pulmonary rehab.
What is lung volume reduction therapy?
Per the American Geriatrics Society (and KPHI) guidelines, this is the A1c target for someone with complex or intermediate health.
(*DM complicated, 3+ comorbid, 2+ IADL impairment, mild-mod cog impairment)
What is a target A1c of 7.5-8.0% ?
With declining renal function, SGLT2i's lose the first effect but retain the second effect.
What are antihyperglycemic effects and cardiac benefits in CHF (reduced hospitalization and mortality, increased survival rate).
EMPA Kidney Trial
These are patients who should be started on a lower dose of levothyroxine for htyroid replacement.
What are patients >60 years of age and patients with CAD?
Note: start at 25 mcg/d
This trial showed that patients with symptomatic heart failure and EF <40% had reduced mortality and HF related hospitalizations on valsartan-sacubitril vs enalapril.
What is the PARADIGM-HF trial?
This is also known as the "futile crystalloid cycle" in patients with abdominal compartment syndrome.
What is a cycle of fluid administration to treat shock and overcome intraabdominal pressure, followed by third spacing and worsening of the shock?
This is one of the two most common autoantibodies in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
What is GAD65?
or
What is ICA?
The initial lab workup for MASLD/NAFLD to rule out other forms of liver disease.
What is hepatitis C antibody, hepatitis B panel, core and surface antigen, antimitochondrial antibody, alpha-1 antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, and ferritin +/- transferrin saturation?
For bonus points: Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody; Immunoglobulin G (IgG) level, antinuclear antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody
Note: ANA and anti-smooth muscle are + in 20% of MASLD patients