Atkinson & Shiffrin
What is the name of the model they made?
Multi-Store Model
1932
Which other study had the same aim but different findings?
Loftus & Palmer
What was the main topic of the study?
Anchoring bias
What year was the model made?
1968
What was the aim of the study?
To investigate how the memory of a story is affected by previous knowledge (cultural schemas).
What group of participants were included? (# of participants and type)
13 eyewitnesses
They used trial judges who all had around the same amount of experience.
Name 2 limitations to the model.
- Describes but does not explain how/why it works
- States that memory formation processes are grouped
- Memories are more complex than the model implies
- Rehearsal alone is too simple to explain why information is transferred from STS to LTS
- The model does not account for the process of forgetting
- The model does not account for the type of information taken into memory
What is the keyword of the study's findings?
Distortion
What was the picture in the document and how does it relate to the study?
A picture of a thief.
The study was based on a crime scene including a robber.
What was the aim of the study?
To determine the effect of a prosecutor’s suggestion for sentencing, on the decision-making of a judge.
(Leading question)
What were the findings?
That STS and LTS are two different cognitive processes.
What were the 3 patterns of distortion? Explain
- Assimilations --> details were changed due to different cultural backgrounds.
- Leveling --> the story became shorter because each participant left out information that was unimportant to their cultural values.
- Sharpening --> they changed the order of the story to make sense of it in terms of familiarity in their own culture. They added details and/or emotions
What is the main limitation of the study?
It is not replicable.
What were the participants asked in the questionnaire? (4 questions)
- Do you think that the sentence was too low, adequate or too high?
- What sentence would you recommend?
- How certain are you about your sentencing decision? (a scale of 1 – 9)
- How realistic do you think this case is? (a scale of 1 – 9)
Name the 5 different sensory registers. (Scientific names)
Echoic, iconic, haptic, gustatory and olfactory
Describe the method.
Repeated reproduction
- The story was read out loud for the participants
- They were asked to reproduce the story several times
- Intervals - days, weeks, months or years
Serial reproduction
- They were asked to recall the study and repeat it to another person
Why could this be considered unethical?
Because they're asked to recall a traumatic experience that can affect their mental health in negative ways.
What were the findings of the study?
When the participants were given a low anchor (12 months)
- Average sentence was 18.78 months
When the participant was given a high anchor (34 months)
- Average sentence was 28.70 months