Heat Transfer
This method of heat transfer occurs through the circular flow of fluids like water or air.
What is Convection?
This specific type of heat is produced in Earth's interior by the radioactive decay of certain atoms.
What is Radiogenic Heat?
Earth's lithosphere is broken into these pieces that float above the mantle.
What are Tectonic (or Crustal) Plates?
This region surrounding Earth is created by electrical currents and protects life from solar wind.
What is the Magnetosphere?
This past arrangement of continents, meaning "all lands," existed about 300 million years ago.
What is Pangaea?
Heat is transferred through this process when two objects are touching.
What is Conduction?
This is the measure of how quickly temperature changes between two points.
What is Temperature Gradient?
At this type of boundary, plates move apart, and new crust is formed.
What is a Divergent Boundary?
These colorful lights appear near the poles when solar particles interact with gases in the atmosphere.
What are Auroras?
Alfred Wegener used the distribution of Glossopteris, a prehistoric fern found on all southern continents, as evidence for continental drift. What type of evidence is this?
What is biological evidence?
This is the state when two objects reach the same temperature, and no heat is transferred.
What is Thermal Equilibrium?
Magma near this specific boundary is exposed to more heat than magma in the upper mantle.
What is the Core-Mantle Boundary?
These are formed at convergent boundaries when one plate submerges beneath another.
What are Volcanic Island Arcs?
These two donut-shaped regions trap charged particles from the Sun.
What are the Van Allen Belts?
This specific technology measures the depth of the ocean floor by timing how long it takes sound waves to return to a ship.
What is Sonar?
Hotter objects emit a larger amount of this type of energy radiation than cooler objects.
What is higher-energy radiation?
These three factors of mantle convection determine the effects on the overlying plate.
What are Shape, Direction, and Speed?
This effect often occurs at transform boundaries because of friction between plates.
What are Earthquakes?
This material, found in Earth's interior, is moved in loops to produce an electrical current.
What is Iron?
This process occurs at mid-ocean ridges when two plates pull apart and create new oceanic crust.
What is Seafloor Spreading?
This temperature, also known as absolute zero, stops all molecular movement.
What is Zero Kelvin (0K)?
As heated magma rises and approaches the crust, these two things happen to it so that it sinks.
What is Cools and Contracts (becoming denser)?
The energy for all tectonic plate motion comes from this specific source.
What is Earth’s Interior Heat?
This radioactive stream of charged particles is released as the Sun spins.
What is Solar Wind?
Scientists used a magnetometer to discover this mirrored "striped" pattern on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge.
What is Magnetic Polarity (Normal and Reversed)?