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The third plan from the sun, on which we live
Earth
The transfer of thermal energy
Heat
The layer of rock that forms Earth's surface
Crust
Melted rock on earth surface
Lava
The innermost layer of earth, made up mainly of iron and nickel
Core
A substance that can flow when pressure is put on it
Fluid
Melted rock located beneath Earth's surface
Magma
The force per unit area exerted on an object.
Pressure
The layer of solid rock between Earth's crust and core
Mantle
A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of rock underground.
Earthquake
Data or information that either supports a statement or shows that it is not true true
Evidence
A type of rock that forms when melted rock, cools, and hardens.
Igneous
A group of connected mountains that form a line or a chain
Ridge
The process during which rocks are formed, change, wear down, and are formed again over long periods of time
Rock Cycle
Solid material, moved by wind and water, that settles on the surface of land or the bottom of a body of water.
Sediment
One of the major types of rock that is created from previously existing rock by the action of intense heat and pressure
Metamorphic
What are tectonic plates and what causes them to move?
The Earth's lithosphere is broken into solid sections, called tectonic plates. These solid sections float on top of the asthenosphere. The movement and flow of heat within the asthenosphere causes the plates to move.
What are three primary types of plate boundaries and what landforms do they cause?
Transform boundaries happen when two plates slide past each other; they cause faults and earthquakes. Divergent boundaries happen when two plates move apart; they caused mid ocean ridges and volcanic activity. Convergent boundaries, where two plates move toward each other; they cause mountains and seismic activity.
How are the rock cycle and tectonic action related?
Volcanoes tend to form where plates collide. They are the mechanisms by which magma reaches the surface of the earth; magma may also flow to the Earth’s surface between the moving plates at a divergent boundary. Called lava on Earth's surface, it cools informed igneous rock. Through weathering, igneous rocks can become sediment, which eventually can become sedimentary rock. This sedimentary rock or the original igneous rock, can also become metamorphic rock when exposed to heat and pressure beneath Earth's surface. Metamorphic rocks melt and become magma. This magma plus additional magma from the Earth's interior begin the cycle again.
The lower part of the upper mantle, the layer of soft but solid mobile rock found below the lithosphere.
Asthenosphere